| Criterion | Evidence | Decision |
| Risk of bias | NAFARM 2011 had unclear selection bias but the POISE‐2 2013 was at low risk of bias | Not serious |
| Imprecision | 7066 participants and 897 events | Serious: POISE‐2 2013 had few events while NAFARM 2011 was stopped early |
| Inconsistency | Chi2 = 2.43, df = 1 (P = 0.12); I2 = 59% | Serious: the risk of AKI in the control groups was completely different: 1.2% in NAFARM 2011versus 12.3% in POISE‐2 2013 |
| Indirectness | The indications for NSAID were prevention of AKI (POISE‐2 2013) or atrial fibrillation (NAFARM 2011) rather than analgesia | Serious because the doses for these indications were lower than the doses that would be used for analgesia in routine care |
| Publication bias | Large studies, not commercially sponsored other than supply of intervention drugs and placebo | Not serious |
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