Study	Reason for exclusion
Alberda 2005	Comparison: immune‐enhancing versus standard formula
Albers 2005	Comparison: immune‐enhancing versus standard formula
Alexander 1980	Comparison: 2 forms of early combined enteral and parenteral nutrition
Barbosa 1999	Comparison: immune‐enhancing versus standard formula
Black 1981	Study population: premature neonates or newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit
Briassoulis 2005	Comparison: immune‐enhancing versus standard formula
Briassoulis 2005b	Comparison: immune‐enhancing versus standard formula
Briassoulis 2006	Comparison: immune‐enhancing versus standard formula
Chaloupecky 1994	Outcomes: only surrogate nutritional markers
Gottschlich 1990	Comparison: immune‐enhancing versus standard formula
Hadley 1986	Study population: predominantly adults
Hausmann 1985	Study population: predominantly adults
Horn 2003	Comparison: 2 routes of delivering enteral nutrition (continuous versus intermittent gastric feeding)
Justo Meirelles 2011	Study population: predominantly adults
Khorasani 2010	Study population: children not in PICU
Kolacinski 1993	Study population: predominantly adults
Marin 2006	Comparison: immune‐enhancing versus standard formula
Marín 1999	Study population: children not in PICU
Meert 2004	Comparison: 2 routes of delivering enteral nutrition (gastric versus small bowel feeding)
Morgan 2013	Study population: premature neonates or newborns in the neonatal intensive care unit
Papadopoulou 2000	Comparison: immune‐enhancing versus standard formula
Peng 2001	Study population: predominantly adults
Pillo‐Blocka 2004	Study population: children not in PICU
Suchner 1996	Study population: predominantly adults
Young 1987	Study population: predominantly adults

PICU: paediatric intensive care unit