Comparison 1. Exercise versus usual care.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1.1 Strength: quadriceps	2	72	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	8.99 [1.29, 16.70]
1.2 Strength: leg press	4	388	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	21.10 [8.47, 33.74]
1.3 Strength; Sit‐to‐Stand Test	4	214	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.45 [‐1.05, 0.14]
1.4 Flexibility: Sit‐and‐Reach Distance Test	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.5 Balance: postural stability	4	127	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.44 [0.08, 0.79]
1.6 Balance: Backward Walk Test	2	280	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.24 [‐0.48, ‐0.01]
1.7 Balance: Timed Up‐and‐Go Test	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.8 Adverse event: fatigue	2	78	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.81 [0.34, 1.29]