Comparison 1. COMPARISON 1: CBT+ STANDARD CARE versus STANDARD CARE ALONE.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Global state: 1a. Relapse	17		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
1.1 Short term	2	92	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.22 [0.04, 1.24]
1.2 Medium term	5	667	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.53 [0.39, 0.72]
1.3 Long term	13	1538	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.61, 1.00]
2 Global state: 1b. Relapse (skewed data)			Other data	No numeric data
2.1 Medium term			Other data	No numeric data
2.2 Long term			Other data	No numeric data
3 Global state: 2. Clinically important change (no improvement) ‐ defined by individual studies	3		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
3.1 Short term	1	48	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.01 [0.61, 1.66]
3.2 Long term	2	82	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.57 [0.39, 0.84]
4 Global state: 3a. Rehospitalisation	7		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
4.1 Short term	1	30	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.0 [0.07, 14.55]
4.2 Long term	6	648	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.79 [0.60, 1.04]
5 Global state: 3b. Hospitalisation ‐ number of admissions (skewed data)			Other data	No numeric data
5.1 Medium term			Other data	No numeric data
5.2 Long term			Other data	No numeric data
6 Global state: 4. Average endpoint total score CGI, high = poor	3		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
6.1 Short term	3	128	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.32 [‐0.63, ‐0.01]
6.2 Medium term	2	80	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.52 [‐0.89, ‐0.15]
6.3 Long term	1	32	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.67 [‐1.07, ‐0.27]
7 Mental state: 1. General ‐ clinically important change (no improvement)	11		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
7.1 Short term	7	680	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.44 [0.21, 0.92]
7.2 Long term	5	501	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	0.81 [0.65, 1.02]
8 Mental state: 2a. General (average total endpoint score BPRS, high = poor)	8		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
8.1 Short term	5	541	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐5.09 [‐8.44, ‐1.74]
8.2 Medium term	3	199	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.57 [‐5.73, 0.60]
8.3 Long term	3	175	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐8.77 [‐14.08, ‐3.46]
9 Mental state: 2b. General (average total endpoint score PANSS, high = poor)	22		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
9.1 Short term	11	962	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐7.21 [‐10.12, ‐4.30]
9.2 Medium term	11	963	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐3.68 [‐6.12, ‐1.24]
9.3 Long term	12	1284	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐3.74 [‐6.46, ‐1.02]
10 Mental state: 2c. General (average total endpoint score PsyRAT, high = poor)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
10.1 Medium term	1	197	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.05 [‐1.20, 3.30]
10.2 Long term	1	197	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.63 [‐1.48, 2.74]
11 Mental state: 2d. General (average total change score, various scales)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
11.1 CHOICE ‐ short term	1	136	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	9.10 [1.74, 16.46]
11.2 CPRS ‐ medium term	1	336	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.32 [‐0.97, 3.61]
12 Mental state: 2e. General (average total endpoint score SCL‐90, high = poor) ‐ long term			Other data	No numeric data
13 Mental state: 3a. Specific ‐ positive symptoms (average endpoint score PANSS subscale, high = poor)	22		Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
13.1 Short term	11		Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐3.11 [‐4.97, ‐1.24]
13.2 Medium term	12		Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐1.23 [‐1.90, ‐0.55]
13.3 Long term	12		Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐0.98 [‐1.63, ‐0.34]
14 Mental state: 3b. Specific ‐ positive symptoms (average endpoint score BPRS/SAPS, high = poor) ‐ short term	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
14.1 BPRS	1	48	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.84 [‐3.40, ‐0.27]
14.2 SAPS	1	64	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.83 [‐3.61, ‐0.05]
15 Mental state: 4a. Specific ‐ hallucination ‐ clinically important change (no improvement ‐ < 3 point improvement BPRS (hallucination severity score))	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
15.1 Short term	1	65	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.09 [0.03, 0.27]
15.2 Long term	1	65	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.08 [0.03, 0.26]
16 Mental state: 4b. Specific ‐ hallucination (average endpoint score various scales, high = poor)	6		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
16.1 AHRS ‐ short term	1	50	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐3.60 [‐6.74, ‐0.46]
16.2 PANSS ‐ short term	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.48 [‐0.92, ‐0.04]
16.3 AHRS ‐ medium term	2	128	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.57 [‐7.07, 1.93]
16.4 PANSS ‐ medium term	1	197	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.33 [‐0.79, 0.13]
16.5 Malevolence ‐ BAVQ ‐ medium term	1	29	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.0 [‐5.26, 7.26]
16.6 Omniscience ‐ BAVQ ‐ medium term	1	29	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.90 [‐3.47, 1.67]
16.7 VPD ‐ medium term	1	29	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐11.10 [‐15.73, ‐6.47]
16.8 AHRS ‐ long term	1	78	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐4.40 [‐6.60, ‐2.20]
16.9 PANSS ‐ long term	1	197	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.14 [‐0.30, 0.58]
16.10 BPRS ‐ long term	1	65	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐2.82 [‐3.74, ‐1.90]
17 Mental state: 4c. Specific ‐ hallucinations (average endpoint score, PsyRATs, high = poor)	3		Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	Totals not selected
17.1 Short term	2		Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
17.2 Medium term	1		Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
18 Mental state: 4d. Specific ‐ hallucinations (average endpoint score various scales, high = poor) (skewed data)			Other data	No numeric data
18.1 PsyRATs ‐ short term			Other data	No numeric data
18.2 PsyRATs ‐ long term			Other data	No numeric data
18.3 BPRS ‐ short term			Other data	No numeric data
18.4 VCS ‐ short term			Other data	No numeric data
18.5 VCS ‐ medium term			Other data	No numeric data
19 Mental state: 5a. Specific ‐ delusions (average endpoint score, PsyRATs , high = poor)) ‐ short term	5		Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	‐4.33 [‐7.58, ‐1.08]
20 Mental state: 5b. Specific ‐ delusions (average endpoint score PANSS, high = poor)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
20.1 Short term	1	60	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.64 [‐1.16, ‐0.12]
20.2 Medium term	1	197	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.30 [‐0.71, 0.11]
20.3 Long term	1	197	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.10 [‐0.53, 0.33]
21 Mental state: 5c. Specific ‐ delusions (average change score PsyRATs, high = poor)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
21.1 Medium term	1	336	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.43 [‐1.82, 0.96]
22 Mental state: 5d. Specific ‐ delusions (average endpoint score PsyRATS, high = poor) (skewed data)			Other data	No numeric data
22.1 Medium term			Other data	No numeric data
22.2 Long term			Other data	No numeric data
23 Mental state: 6a. Specific ‐ negative symptoms (average endpoint score, PANSS subscale, high = poor)	24		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
23.1 Short term	12		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐3.35 [‐3.84, ‐2.85]
23.2 Medium term	13		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.43 [‐1.94, ‐0.93]
23.3 Long term	13		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.47 [‐1.94, ‐0.99]
24 Mental state: 6b. Specific ‐ negative symptoms (average endpoint score SANS, high = poor)	4		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
24.1 Short term	4	231	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐4.11 [‐10.40, 2.17]
24.2 Long term	1	49	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.07 [‐3.29, 1.15]
25 Mental state: 6c. Specific ‐ negative symptoms (average endpoint score NSRS, high = poor) ‐ medium term	1	336	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.60 [‐0.05, 1.25]
26 Mental state: 7a. Specific ‐ affective symptoms (average enpoint score, PANSS subscale, high = poor)	19		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
26.1 Short term	10		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐4.86 [‐5.75, ‐3.96]
26.2 Medium term	10		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.80 [‐1.70, 0.09]
26.3 Long term	10		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.00 [‐1.82, ‐0.18]
27 Mental state: 8. Specific ‐ distress (average endpoint score PsyRATs/SADS, high = poor)	3		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
27.1 Short term	1	140	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.10 [‐1.77, ‐0.43]
27.2 Medium term	2	226	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.08 [‐0.50, 0.66]
27.3 Long term	1	197	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.10 [‐0.47, 0.27]
28 Mental state: 9. Specific ‐ anxiety (average endpoint score various scales, high = poor)	10		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
28.1 BAI ‐ short term	2	105	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.32 [‐5.40, 4.77]
28.2 SAS ‐ short term	2	188	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐6.21 [‐7.36, ‐5.05]
28.3 HAMA ‐ short term	1	75	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.79 [‐2.29, ‐1.29]
28.4 SCL‐90 ‐ short term	1	90	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.43 [‐1.53, ‐1.33]
28.5 BAI ‐ medium term	2	108	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.34 [‐6.55, 3.87]
28.6 BAI ‐ long term	3	335	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.50 [‐1.19, 4.19]
28.7 HADS ‐ long term	1	92	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.66 [‐1.22, 2.54]
29 Mental state: 10a. Specific ‐ depression ‐ clinically important change (no improvement = reduction HAMD score < 25%) ‐ short term	1	68	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.67 [0.21, 2.15]
30 Mental state: 10b. Specific ‐ depression (average endpoint score various scales, high = poor) ‐ short term	7		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
30.1 BDI	2	78	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.11 [‐4.25, 2.03]
30.2 SDS	2	188	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐3.29 [‐4.40, ‐2.19]
30.3 HAMD	2	143	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐4.95 [‐6.69, ‐3.20]
30.4 SCL‐90	1	90	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.58 [‐0.65, ‐0.51]
31 Mental state: 10c. Specific ‐ depression (average change score MADRS, high = poor)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
31.1 Medium term	1	336	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.15 [‐1.26, 1.56]
32 Mental state: 10d. Specific ‐ depression (average endpoint score various scales, high = poor) (skewed data)			Other data	No numeric data
32.1 CDS ‐ short term			Other data	No numeric data
32.2 CDS ‐ medium term			Other data	No numeric data
32.3 BDI ‐ medium term			Other data	No numeric data
32.4 HAMD ‐ medium term			Other data	No numeric data
32.5 MADRS ‐ medium term			Other data	No numeric data
32.6 BDI ‐ long term			Other data	No numeric data
32.7 CDS ‐ long term			Other data	No numeric data
32.8 HADS ‐ long term			Other data	No numeric data
32.9 HAMD ‐ long term			Other data	No numeric data
33 Mental state: 11a. Specific ‐ self esteem (average endpoint score various scales, high = good)	10		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
33.1 RSES ‐ short term	1	144	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.40 [‐1.43, 2.23]
33.2 SES ‐ short term	2	188	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.29 [2.43, 4.16]
33.3 RSCQ ‐ short term	2	95	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	8.29 [‐0.08, 16.66]
33.4 GSES ‐ short term	1	190	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.48 [0.05, 2.91]
33.5 RSES ‐ medium term	1	144	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.90 [‐0.79, 2.59]
33.6 RSCQ ‐ medium term	1	66	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.40 [‐7.46, 8.26]
33.7 SERS ‐ medium term	1	35	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	16.90 [1.25, 32.55]
33.8 GSES ‐ medium term	1	104	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.76 [0.53, 0.99]
33.9 RSES ‐ long term	2	236	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.33 [‐1.79, 1.14]
33.10 RSCQ ‐ long term	2	131	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	6.23 [‐8.56, 21.03]
34 Mental state: 11b. Specific ‐ self esteem (average endpoint score various scales) ‐ short term (skewed data)			Other data	No numeric data
34.1 SCS (high = good)			Other data	No numeric data
34.2 positive self ‐ BCSS (high = good)			Other data	No numeric data
34.3 negative self ‐ BCSS (high = poor)			Other data	No numeric data
35 Mental state: 12a. Specific ‐ insight (average endpoint score various scales, high = good)	4		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
35.1 ITAQ ‐ short term	1	75	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	4.92 [3.19, 6.65]
35.2 BCIS ‐ medium term	1	65	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.33 [‐1.24, 3.90]
35.3 ITAQ ‐ medium term	1	74	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.10 [‐2.97, 2.77]
35.4 SRIS ‐ long term	1	92	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.02 [‐1.30, 1.34]
35.5 BCIS ‐ long term	1	64	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.54 [‐3.70, 2.62]
35.6 ITAQ ‐ long term	1	74	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.40 [‐2.20, 3.00]
36 Mental state: 12b. Specific ‐ insight (average endpoint score SAI, high = good) ‐ short term	3		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
36.1 Short term	3		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	6.50 [5.84, 7.16]
36.2 Medium term	1		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	1.6 [‐0.19, 3.39]
36.3 Long term	1		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	2.9 [0.96, 4.84]
37 Mental state: 12c. Specific ‐ insight (average change score SAI, high = good)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
37.1 Medium term	1	336	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.69 [‐1.41, 0.03]
38 Mental state: 13. Specific ‐ well‐being (average endpoint score WEMWS, high = good) ‐ short term	2	170	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	4.08 [0.90, 7.26]
39 Mental state: 14a. Specific ‐ various other symptoms (average endpoint score various scales high = poor)	6		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
39.1 Psychotic symptom ‐ SCL‐90 ‐ short term	1	90	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.58 [‐0.72, ‐0.44]
39.2 Somatization ‐ SCL‐90 ‐ short term	1	90	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.86 [‐1.98, ‐1.74]
39.3 Sensitivity of interpersonal relationship ‐ SCL‐90 ‐ short term	1	90	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.10 [‐1.19, ‐1.01]
39.4 Obsessive‐compulsive ‐ SCL‐90 ‐ short term	1	90	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.29 [‐1.36, ‐1.22]
39.5 Hostility ‐ SCL‐90 ‐ short term	1	90	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.84 [1.00, ‐0.68]
39.6 Phobia ‐ SCL‐90 ‐ short term	1	90	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.51 [‐0.61, ‐0.41]
39.7 Paranoia ‐ SCL‐90 ‐ short term	1	90	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.70 [‐0.80, ‐0.60]
39.8 Paranoia ‐ GPTS ‐ short term	2	170	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐13.32 [‐22.97, ‐3.68]
39.9 Worry ‐ PSWQ ‐ short term	1	141	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐3.70 [‐7.12, ‐0.28]
39.10 Rumination ‐ PTQ ‐ short term	1	135	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐5.40 [‐8.96, ‐1.84]
39.11 Hopelessness ‐ BHS ‐ medium term	2	232	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.56 [‐1.93, 0.82]
39.12 Hopelessness ‐ BHS ‐ long term	2	268	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.74 [‐0.54, 2.01]
40 Mental state: 14b. Specific ‐ various other symptoms (average endpoint score SCL‐90, high = poor) ‐ long term (skewed data)			Other data	No numeric data
40.1 anxiety			Other data	No numeric data
40.2 depression			Other data	No numeric data
40.3 psychotic symptom			Other data	No numeric data
40.4 somatization			Other data	No numeric data
40.5 sensitivity of interpersonal relationship			Other data	No numeric data
40.6 obsessive‐compulsiive			Other data	No numeric data
40.7 hostility			Other data	No numeric data
40.8 paranoid			Other data	No numeric data
40.9 phobia			Other data	No numeric data
41 Adverse effect/event(s): 1a. General ‐ any adverse event	2	146	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.44 [0.27, 0.72]
42 Adverse effect/event(s): 1b. General (average total endpoint score TESS, high = poor) ‐ medium term	2	109	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.24 [‐1.43, 1.90]
43 Adverse effect/event(s): 2a. Specific ‐ various effects	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
43.1 Drowsiness	1	78	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.53 [0.05, 5.57]
43.2 Headache	1	78	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.05 [0.07, 16.24]
43.3 Mild lactation	1	78	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.15 [0.01, 2.81]
43.4 Opsomenorrhea	1	78	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.21 [0.01, 4.24]
44 Adverse effect/event(s): 2b. Specific ‐ suicide attempt	2	323	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.84 [0.84, 4.04]
45 Adverse effect/event(s): 2c. Specific ‐ death	9	1341	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.38, 1.58]
45.1 Any cause	9	1341	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.78 [0.38, 1.58]
46 Functioning: 1. General (average endpoint score GAF, high = good)	6		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
46.1 Short term	1	72	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.68 [‐5.82, 4.47]
46.2 Medium term	5	482	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	3.37 [‐1.66, 8.41]
46.3 Long term	5	446	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.79 [‐1.95, 5.53]
47 Functioning: 2a. Social (average endpoint score ILSS, high = good)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
47.1 Medium term	1	61	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.04 [‐0.02, 0.09]
47.2 Long term	1	63	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.05 [0.00, 0.11]
48 Functioning: 2b. Social (average endpoint score SFS, high = good)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
48.1 Medium term	2	107	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	5.80 [1.85, 9.76]
48.2 Long term	2	103	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	6.88 [1.99, 11.76]
49 Functioning: 2c. Social (average endpoint score SOFAS, high = good)	4		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
49.1 Short term	1	48	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.98 [‐4.40, 6.36]
49.2 Medium term	1	81	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.0 [‐8.02, 6.02]
49.3 Long term	2	295	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.56 [‐2.64, 3.76]
50 Functioning: 2d. Social (average endpoint score PSP, high = good)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
50.1 Short term	2	92	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	7.96 [3.15, 12.78]
50.2 Medium term	2	92	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	7.23 [2.91, 11.55]
50.3 Long term	2	92	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	12.66 [8.65, 16.67]
51 Functioning: 2e. Social (average endpoint score UPSA, high = good)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
51.1 Medium term	1	64	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.01 [‐0.10, 0.08]
51.2 Long term	1	58	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.02 [‐0.07, 0.11]
52 Functioning: 3. Life skills (average endpoint score LSP, high = poor)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
52.1 Long term	1	92	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐3.32 [‐8.40, 1.76]
53 Functioning: 4a. Cognitive ‐ overall (average total endpoint score WCST, high = poor)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
53.1 Medium term	1	100	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.30 [‐8.89, 8.29]
53.2 Long term	1	100	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐9.80 [‐17.76, ‐1.84]
54 Functioning: 4b. Cognitive ‐ memory (average endpoint score WMS, high = good)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
54.1 Short term	1	100	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	9.33 [1.54, 17.12]
55 Functioning: 4c. Cognitive ‐ memory (average endpoint score CMS, high = good)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
55.1 Medium term	1	100	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.40 [‐7.42, 8.22]
55.2 Long term	1	100	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.90 [‐6.24, 8.04]
56 Functioning: 4d. Cognitive ‐ various (average endpoint score MCCB, high = poor) ‐ medium term	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
56.1 Continuous performance	1	79	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐44.10 [‐52.40, ‐35.80]
56.2 Mood management	1	79	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.60 [‐2.15, ‐1.05]
56.3 Sematic influencing	1	79	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.40 [‐4.63, ‐0.17]
56.4 Verbal memory	1	79	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.80 [‐5.06, ‐0.54]
56.5 Visual memory	1	79	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐2.60 [‐5.64, 0.44]
57 Functioning: 5. Intelligence (average endpoint score WAIS, high = good)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
57.1 Short term	1	100	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	4.89 [‐2.43, 12.21]
57.2 Medium term	1	80	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	11.83 [9.27, 14.39]
58 Functioning: 6. Disability (average endpoint score WHODAS, high = poor)	1		Mean Difference (Fixed, 95% CI)	‐10.52 [‐14.65, ‐6.39]
59 Quality of life: 1a. General (average total endpoint score various scales, high = good) ‐ short term	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
59.1 QLS	1	48	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.90 [‐10.63, 6.83]
59.2 WHOQOL‐BREF	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	6.64 [‐1.36, 14.64]
60 Quality of life: 1b. General (average total endpoint score various scales, high = good) ‐ medium term	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
60.1 WHOQOL‐BREF	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	8.20 [0.66, 15.74]
61 Quality of life: 1c. General (average total endpoint score various scales, high = good) ‐ long term	4		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
61.1 QLS	1	71	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐3.60 [‐11.32, 4.12]
61.2 GQOLI‐74	1	80	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.82 [1.62, 4.02]
61.3 WHOQOL‐BREF	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	8.85 [1.01, 16.69]
61.4 EuroQOL	1	190	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐4.50 [‐10.65, 1.65]
62 Quality of life: 1d. General (average total endpoint score SQLS, high = poor)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
62.1 Medium term	1	104	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐29.5 [‐40.28, ‐18.72]
63 Quality of life: 2a. Specific ‐ physical (average endpoint score WHOQOL‐BREF, high = good)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
63.1 Short term	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.71 [‐1.01, 4.43]
63.2 Medium term	2	109	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.60 [0.20, 5.00]
63.3 Long term	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.71 [0.11, 5.31]
64 Quality of life: 2b. Specific ‐ physical (average endpoint score GQOLI‐74, high = good)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
64.1 Long term	1	80	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	13.69 [9.62, 17.76]
65 Quality of life: 3a. Specific ‐ psychological (average endpoint score WHOQOL‐BREF, high = good)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
65.1 Short term	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.22 [0.28, 4.16]
65.2 Medium term	2	109	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.52 [0.71, 4.33]
65.3 Long term	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.37 [0.56, 4.18]
66 Quality of life: 3b. Specific ‐ psychological (average endpoint score GQOL‐74, high = good)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
66.1 Long term	1	80	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	17.03 [13.07, 20.99]
67 Quality of life: 3c. Specific ‐ psychological (average endpoint score SQLS, high = poor)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
67.1 Medium term	1	50	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.26 [‐5.19, 2.67]
68 Quality of life: 4a. Specific ‐ various other aspects (average endpoint score WHQOL‐BREF, high = good) ‐ short term	1		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
68.1 Environment	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.82 [‐1.71, 5.35]
68.2 Social relationship	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.87 [‐0.62, 2.36]
69 Quality of life: 4b. Specific ‐ various other aspects (average endpoint score various scales, high = good) ‐ medium term	3		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
69.1 Environment (WHOQOL‐BREF)	2	109	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.56 [‐0.21, 5.34]
69.2 Physical functioning (SF‐36)	1	89	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	22.30 [17.65, 26.95]
69.3 Role emotional (SF‐36)	1	89	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	26.9 [19.74, 34.06]
69.4 Role physical (SF‐36)	1	89	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	31.20 [25.94, 36.46]
69.5 Social relationship (WHOQOL‐BREF)	2	109	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.90 [‐0.60, 2.39]
70 Quality of life: 4c. Specific ‐ various other aspects (average endpoint score various scales, high = good) ‐ long term	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
70.1 Environment (WHOQOL‐BREF)	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.76 [‐0.31, 5.83]
70.2 Social function (GQOLI‐74)	1	80	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	16.19 [11.72, 20.66]
70.3 Social relationship (WHOQOL‐BREF)	1	28	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.02 [‐0.55, 2.59]
71 Quality of life: 4d. Specific ‐ various aspects (average endpoint score various scales, high = poor) ‐ medium term	3		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
71.1 Insight / treatment attitude (SQLS)	1	50	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	3.14 [1.96, 4.32]
71.2 Motivation / vitality (SQLS)	2	154	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐3.43 [‐5.45, ‐1.40]
71.3 Social function (SDSS)	1	59	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐1.51 [‐2.34, ‐0.68]
71.4 Symptoms / side effects (SQLS)	1	50	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.25 [‐2.76, 2.26]
72 Quality of life: 5a. Specific ‐ psychological (average endpoint score SQLS, high = poor) ‐ medium term (skewed data)			Other data	No numeric data
73 Quality of life: 5b. Specific ‐ role functioning (average endpoint score QLS, high = good) ‐ long term (skewed data)			Other data	No numeric data
74 Quality of life: 5c. Specific ‐ symptoms/side effects (average endpoint score SQLS, high = poor) ‐ medium term (skewed data)			Other data	No numeric data
75 Satisfaction with treatment: 1. Leaving the study early ‐ for any reason	35		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
75.1 Short term	12	1214	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.02 [0.77, 1.35]
75.2 Medium term	11	1402	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.91 [0.74, 1.11]
75.3 Long term	19	1945	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.93 [0.77, 1.12]
76 Engagement with services: 1a. Compliance to medication	6		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
76.1 Short term	4	261	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.45 [0.81, 2.60]
76.2 Medium term	2	128	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.23 [1.02, 1.49]
76.3 Long term	2	148	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.35 [1.10, 1.65]
77 Engagement with services: 1b. Refusing treatment	2		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
77.1 Short term	2	190	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.49 [0.18, 1.38]
78 Engagement with services: 1c. Compliance with medication (average endpoint score MARS, high = good)	2		Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
78.1 Medium term	1	81	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.60 [‐1.41, 0.21]
78.2 Long term	1	90	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	38.02 [33.48, 42.56]