Hu 2013.
| Methods | Allocation: randomised Blinding: no blinding Location: inpatients, China Length of follow‐up: 24 weeks |
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| Participants | Diagnosis: schizophrenia (CCMD‐3) N = 79 Sex: 44 M, 35 F Age: mean ˜ 26.5 years, SD ˜ 1.3 years Included: length of illness: mean ˜ 5.3 years, SD ˜ 1.5 years Excluded: not reported |
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| Interventions | 1. CBT group*: N = 40 Content: The author did not state details on CBT. Delivered by: six experienced psychologists Frequency: The length of CBT was 60 minutes per time, once per week for 24 weeks. Treatment duration: 24 weeks 2. Standard care group: N = 39 Content: Participants received risperidone with a dosage of 3 ‐ 6 mg/time. A length of four weeks was considered as one course of treatment. The intervention involves 6 courses of treatment in total. Delivered by: not reported Frequency: not reported Treatment duration: 24 weeks |
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| Outcomes | Mental state: general, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, affective symptoms (PANSS scores) Functioning: semantic influencing, mood management, continuous performance, visual memory and verbal memory (MCCB scores) |
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| Notes | *Participants in the CBT group also received the standard care intervention. | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Quote: "Participants were randomly assigned..." (p.17). Comments: insufficient information about the sequence generation process to permit judgement of 'Low risk' or 'High risk' |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Comments: The method of concealment was not described. |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Comments: The author did not address this information. However, participants and personnel were not likely to be blinded because participants in the treatment group received CBT, and the control group only received standard care. |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Comments: The method of blindness was not described. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Comments: no attrition |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Comments: All measured outcomes were reported. |
| Other bias | Low risk | Comments: none obvious |