Li 2013a.
Methods | Allocation: randomised Blinding: not addressed Location: China Length of follow‐up: 8 weeks |
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Participants | Diagnosis: schizophrenia (CCMD‐3) N = 118 Sex: 62 M, 56 F Age: 19 ‐ 60 years Included: Further description of illness not reported. Excluded: Participants with cerebrovascular disease or severe physical disorder were excluded. Pregnant or breast feeding females were also excluded. |
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Interventions | 1. CBT group*: N = 60 Content: Ziprasidone was titrated from 20 ‐ 40 mg/d to 80 ‐ 120mg/d, taken orally Cognitive therapy was conducted to help the participant correct his or her wrong beliefs or thinking process; establish and intensify the right cognition. Delivered by: not reported Frequency: not reported Treatment duration: 8 weeks 2. Standard care group: N = 58 Content: ziprasidone, no more details Delivered by: not reported Frequency: not reported Treatment duration: 8 weeks |
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Outcomes | Mental state: general, positive symptoms, negative symptoms, affective symptoms (PANSS scores) Engagement with services: refusing treatment |
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Notes | *Participants in the CBT group also received the standard care intervention. | |
Risk of bias | ||
Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Quote: "Participants were randomly assigned..." (p.111). Comments: insufficient information about the sequence generation process to permit judgement of 'Low risk' or 'High risk' |
Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Comments: The method of concealment was not described. |
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Comments: The author did not address this information. However, participants and personnel were not likely to be blinded because participants in the treatment group received CBT, and the control group only received standard care. |
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Comments: The method of blindness was not described. |
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Comments: The author did not describe the dropouts. However from the reported data, there was no attrition. |
Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Comments: All measured outcomes were reported. |
Other bias | Low risk | Comments: none obvious |