Liu 2012.
| Methods | Allocation: randomised Blinding: not addressed Location: inpatients, China Length of follow‐up: 6 months |
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| Participants | Diagnosis: schizophrenia (CCMD‐3) N = 112 Sex: 68 M, 44 F Age: mean ˜ 41.6 years, SD ˜ 3.5 years Included: length of illness: mean ˜ 4.9 years, SD ˜ 0.5 years; achieved clinical response after one hospitalisation; at the stage of rehabilitation Excluded: not reported |
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| Interventions | 1. CBT group*: N = 56 Content: antipsychotics, rehabilitation training, cognitive and behaviour modification, life skill training, rebuilding the link between cognition, behaviour, and psychology Delivered by: not reported Frequency: not reported Treatment duration: 6 months 2. Standard care group: N = 56 Content: antipsychotics, psychoeducation, coping strategies, problem‐solving training Delivered by: not reported Frequency: not reported Treatment duration: 6 months |
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| Outcomes | Quality of life: physical, role physical, role emotional (SF‐36 scores) Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Unable to use: The feeling of stigma ‐ not predefined outcome for this review |
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| Notes | *Participants in the CBT group also received the standard care intervention. | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Low risk | Quote: "...randomly assigned based on random number table..." (p.72). Comment: adequate randomisation |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Comments: The method of concealment was not described. |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Comments: The author did not address this information. However, participants and personnel were not likely to be blinded because participants in the treatment group received CBT, and the control group only received standard care. |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Comments: The method of blindness was not described. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Comments: 9 participants and 14 participants were lost to follow‐up. |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Comments: All measured outcomes were reported. |
| Other bias | Low risk | Comments: none obvious |