Pan 2012.
| Methods | Allocation: randomised Blinding: not addressed Location: inpatients, China Length of follow‐up: 1 year |
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| Participants | Diagnosis: schizophrenia with depression (CCMD‐3) N = 68 Sex: 39 M, 29 F Age: mean ˜ 31.36 years, SD ˜ 10.78 years Included: length of illness not reported; total score of HAMD ≥ 17 Excluded: participants with severe physical disorder, epilepsy or depression induced by other reasons; drug abuse, allergic to antipsychotics or suicidal attempts; abnormal laboratory tests; extrapyramidal side effects induced by antipsychotics |
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| Interventions | 1. CBT group*: N = 34 Content: not reported Delivered by: not reported Frequency: not reported Treatment duration: 6 weeks 2. Standard care group: N = 34 Content: not reported Delivered by: not reported Frequency: not reported Treatment duration: 6 weeks All participants received antipsychotics. |
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| Outcomes | Global state: relapse Mental state: general (BPRS scores), negative symptoms (SANS scores), depression (clinically important change (no improvement)**, depression (HAMD scores) Adverse events: any adverse event Engagement with services: compliance to medication |
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| Notes | *Participants in the CBT group also received the standard care intervention. **Defined as reduction in HAMD score < 25% |
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| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Quote: "Participants were randomly assigned..." (p.206). Comments: insufficient information about the sequence generation process to permit judgement of 'Low risk' or 'High risk' |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Comments: The method of concealment was not described. |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Comments: The author did not address this information. However, participants and personnel were not likely to be blinded because participants in the treatment group received CBT, and the control group only received standard care. |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Comments: The method of blindness was not described. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Comments: no attrition |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Comments: All measured outcomes were reported. |
| Other bias | Low risk | Comments: none obvious |