Qian 2012.

Methods	Allocation: randomised Blinding: not addressed Location: inpatients, China Length of follow‐up: 1 year
Participants	Diagnosis: stable schizophrenia (CCMD‐3) N = 90 Sex: not reported Age: not reported Included: length of illness not reported Excluded: severe physical disorder
Interventions	1. CBT group*: N = 45 Content: CBT combined with antipsychotics. CBT involves: 1) establish the consultant connection between participants and investigator; 2) help the participants recognise their wrong beliefs and thinking process; 3) help the participants realise their wrong recognition based on their problematic beliefs and guiding them to the correct recognition style; 4) help the participants realise and correct the inappropriate points in their thinking process; 5) encourage the participant to express his or her own viewpoint and promote introspectiveness; 6) help the participants inspect their external misconceptions and correct the deep cause of misconceptions by demonstration, imitation, or didactic suggestion; 7) help participants consolidate their reestablished conceptions and beliefs. Delivered by: not reported Frequency: not reported Treatment duration: 1 year 2. Standard care group: N = 45 Content: antipsychotics and health education Delivered by: not reported Frequency: not reported Treatment duration: 1 year
Outcomes	Global state: relapse Mental state: negative symptoms (PANSS scores) Engagement with services: compliance with medication (MARS scores) Unable to use: Mental state: general (PANSS scores) (data not reported) Functioning: social (SDSS scores) (data not reported)
Notes	*Participants in the CBT group also received the standard care intervention.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "Participants were randomly assigned..." (p.294). Comments: insufficient information about the sequence generation process to permit judgement of 'Low risk' or 'High risk'
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comments: The method of concealment was not described.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Comments: The author did not address this information. However, participants and personnel were not likely to be blinded because participants in the treatment group received CBT, and the control group only received standard care.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comments: The method of blindness was not described.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Comments: No participants left the study early.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	Comments: The author did not report PANSS total score and SDSS.
Other bias	Low risk	Comments: none obvious