Qin 2014a.
| Methods | Allocation: randomised Blinding: not addressed Location: inpatients, China Length of follow‐up: 2 months |
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| Participants | Diagnosis: schizophrenia (CCMD‐3) N = 100 Sex: 61 M, 39 F Age: mean ˜ 38.73 years, SD ˜ 9.47 years Included: length of illness: 2 ‐ 4 years; stable condition with current antipsychotics use; total score of BPRS < 28 Excluded: participants with severe depression, anxiety |
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| Interventions | 1. CBT group*: N = 50 Content: cognition correction and group psychoeducation, training exercise Delivered by: psychologists or nurse Frequency: three 30‐minute sessions per month for 2 months Treatment duration: 2 months 2. Standard care group: N = 50 Content: standard psychological treatment and nursing care Delivered by: not reported Frequency: not reported Treatment duration: 2 months |
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| Outcomes | Mental state: anxiety (SAS scores), depression (SDS scores), self‐esteem (SES scores) | |
| Notes | *Participants in the CBT group also received the standard care intervention. | |
| Risk of bias | ||
| Bias | Authors' judgement | Support for judgement |
| Random sequence generation (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Quote: "Participants were randomly assigned..." (p.41). Comments: insufficient information about the sequence generation process to permit judgement of 'Low risk' or 'High risk' |
| Allocation concealment (selection bias) | Unclear risk | Comments: The method of concealment was not described. |
| Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes | High risk | Comments: The author did not address this information. However, participants and personnel were not likely to be blinded because participants in the treatment group received CBT, and the control group only received standard care. |
| Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes | Unclear risk | Comments: The method of blindness was not described. |
| Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes | Low risk | Comments: no attrition |
| Selective reporting (reporting bias) | Low risk | Comments: All measured outcomes were reported. |
| Other bias | Low risk | Comments: none obvious |