Wang 2005.

Methods	Allocation: randomised Blinding: not addressed Location: inpatients, China Length of follow‐up: 8 weeks
Participants	Diagnosis: chronic schizophrenia (CCMD‐2‐R) N = 64 Sex: 48 M, 16 F Age: 16 ‐ 40 years, mean ˜ 31 years, SD ˜ 6.4 years Included: length of illness: mean ˜ 12 years, SD ˜ 3 years; length of illness ≥ 2 years Excluded: obvious clinical response after receiving antipsychotics; with severe physical disorder
Interventions	1. CBT group*: N = 32 Content: help for participants to understand their symptoms and the impact of symptoms on emotion, realise the relationship between behaviour and disease; strengthened behaviour therapy; cognitive behavioural therapy Delivered by: not reported Frequency: four 30‐minute sessions per week for 8 weeks Treatment duration: 8 weeks 2. Standard care group: N = 32 Delivered by: not reported Frequency: not reported Treatment duration: 8 weeks
Outcomes	Mental state: positive symptoms (SAPS scores), negative symptoms (SANS scores) Unable to use: Behaviour: NOSIE ‐ not predefined outcome for this review
Notes	*Participants in the CBT group also received the standard care intervention.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "Participants were randomly assigned..." (p.548). Comments: insufficient information about the sequence generation process to permit judgement of 'Low risk' or 'High risk'
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comments: The method of concealment was not described.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Comments: The author did not address this information. However, participants and personnel were not likely to be blinded because participants in the treatment group received CBT, and the control group only received standard care.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comments: The method of blindness was not described.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Comments: no attrition
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Comments: All measured outcomes were reported.
Other bias	Low risk	Comments: none obvious