Zhao 2013.

Methods	Allocation: randomised Blinding: not addressed Location: inpatients, China Length of follow‐up: 8 weeks
Participants	Diagnosis: schizophrenia (CCMD‐3) N = 100 Sex: 33 M, 65 F Age: 18 ‐ 60 years, mean ˜ 36 years, SD ˜ 7 years Included: length of illness: mean ˜ 6.2 years, SD ˜ 3.5 years; schizophrenia (CCMD‐3) Excluded: mental retardation; dementia or other brain organic disease; severe physical disorder
Interventions	1. CBT group*: N = 50 Content: psychoeducation about symptoms and coping strategies for symptoms; cognition modification, and encouragement of social intercourse Delivered by: five psychologists Frequency: 45‐minute session, one or two sessions per week for 4 weeks, three sessions or four sessions per month after 4 weeks Treatment duration: 8 weeks 2. Standard care group: N = 50 Content: antipsychotics Delivered by: not reported Frequency: not reported Treatment duration: 8 weeks
Outcomes	Mental state: clinically important change (no improvement)**, general (BPRS scores) Satisfaction with treatment: leaving the study early Unable to use: Social support (not predefined outcome for this review)
Notes	*Participants in the CBT group also received the standard care intervention. **Defined as reduction in BPRS score < 30%
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Quote: "Participants were randomly assigned..." (p.117). Comments: insufficient information about the sequence generation process to permit judgement of 'Low risk' or 'High risk'
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Comments: The method of concealment was not described.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Comments: The author did not address this information. However, participants and personnel were not likely to be blinded because participants in the treatment group received CBT, and the control group only received standard care.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Comments: The method of blindness was not described.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Comments: Two participants in the control group dropped out from the study, with no reasons reported. It was not possible that the low proportion of missing dataaffected the intervention effect estimate.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Comments: All measured outcomes were reported.
Other bias	Low risk	Comments: none obvious