Akil 2005.

Methods	Parallel‐group single‐centre randomized controlled trial conducted in Turkey
Participants	53 children requiring micturating cystourethrogram with sedation (39 girls, 14 boys; mean age of 5.8 ± 3.5 years)
Interventions	Oral midazolam 0.6 mg/kg (max 15 mg) versus chloral hydrate 25 mg/kg (max 0.5 g) and placebo (saline) 15 ‐ 30 minutes before procedure
Outcomes	Measured during procedures: Incomplete procedures Anxiety (measured during the procedure using Spielberger's Trait Anxiety Inventory) Participant co‐operation (measured during the procedure using Houpt behavioural scale; range 1 ‐ 6 with higher scores indicating better co‐operation) Tolerance of procedure (measured during the procedure using Frankl behaviour rating score; range 1 ‐ 4 with higher scores indicating better tolerance) Duration of sedation Onset of sedation Oversedation
Notes	Conflicts of interest or funding sources were not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Not blinded
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Outcomes included in this review were not blinded ‐ only assessment of image quality was performed by a blinded outcome assessor
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No withdrawals
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No clear evidence that measured outcomes were not reported (trial protocols were not sought for confirmation)
Other bias	Low risk	None expected