Hollenhorst 2001.

Methods	Single‐centre parallel‐group randomized controlled trial conducted in Germany
Participants	54 participants aged 18 to 65 years old scheduled for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the first time (mean age: 43 ± 14.6 years in the midazolam group and 49 ± 11.7 years in the placebo group; 48% men in midazolam group and 37% men in placebo group)
Interventions	1) Intranasal midazolam 4 mg 2) placebo
Outcomes	1) Level of sedation measured 15 minutes after medication and after MRI. Participant sedation was evaluated by 1of the authors using a 5‐point sedation scale (1 = agitated, non co‐operative; 2 = alert, restless; 3 = calm, eyes spontaneously open; 4 = drowsy, responds to minor stimulation; 5 = asleep, rousable but does not respond to minor stimulation) 2) Numerical rating of anxiety measured 15 minutes after medication and after MRI. Visual Analogue Scale of Anxiety comprised an undivided 100‐mm line, with 0 meaning “I am not anxious at all,” and 100 meaning “I am extremely anxious.” Participants were instructed to mark 1 point on the line that corresponded to the intensity of their anxiety at that moment 3) Incomplete procedures
Notes	Conflicts of interest or funding sources were not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Not reported
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Blinded
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	No information about blinding of assessor of sedation level.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No withdrawals
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	No clear evidence that measured outcomes were not reported (trial protocols were not sought for confirmation)
Other bias	Low risk	None expected