Study	Reason for exclusion
Bonta 2003	Both groups could receive midazolam if initial sedation not effective
Brouillette 1989	Meperidine administered in both groups
Dere 2010	Fentanyl used in both groups
Mui 2005	Additional IV midazolam used in placebo group
Muttu 2005	Intra‐procedural sedation used
Nascimento 2007	Meperidine used in all groups if sedation inadequate
Ristikankare 1999	Flumazenil for all participants
Ristikankare 2000a	Flumazenil for all participants
Ristikankare 2000b	Flumazenil for all participants
Sajedi 2006	Fentanyl used in both groups
Salmon 1992	Temazepam for all groups
Sandler 1992	Quasi‐RCT
Sherry 1989	Nitrous oxide used on both groups
Tamayo 1993	Fentanyl used in both groups
Tesoro 2007	Quasi‐RCT
Uygur‐Bayramiçli 2002	Flumazenil at end of procedure
Weinstein 2010	Post hoc analysis
Yildirim 2006	Placebo administered in different route of administration

Only a selection of the studies the authors excluded after review of full text are listed, as we identified a large number of potentially relevant articles in initial screening.

IV: intravenous

RCT: randomized controlled trial