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. 2018 Oct 26;2018(10):CD007554. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007554.pub3

Comparison 1. Low GDP (all buffer types) versus standard glucose dialysate.

Outcome or subgroup title No. of studies No. of participants Statistical method Effect size
1 Residual renal function 15 835 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.19 [0.05, 0.33]
1.1 3 months 3 143 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.04 [‐0.37, 0.29]
1.2 12 months 6 349 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.18 [‐0.04, 0.39]
1.3 24 months 5 218 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.33 [0.06, 0.60]
1.4 3 years + 1 125 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.24 [‐0.11, 0.59]
2 Residual renal function: up to 12 months 12 860 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.18 [0.05, 0.32]
2.1 4 weeks 1 48 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.11 [‐0.46, 0.67]
2.2 3 months 3 143 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.04 [‐0.37, 0.29]
2.3 6 months 6 440 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.32 [0.10, 0.54]
2.4 8 months 1 91 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.03 [‐0.44, 0.38]
2.5 9 months 1 138 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.21 [‐0.12, 0.55]
3 Residual renal function: 12 months up to 24 months 10 641 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.25 [0.10, 0.41]
3.1 12 months 8 545 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.26 [0.09, 0.43]
3.2 18 months 2 96 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.23 [‐0.17, 0.64]
4 Residual renal function: 24 months and beyond 6 343 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.30 [0.08, 0.51]
4.1 24 months 5 218 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.33 [0.06, 0.60]
4.2 3 years + 1 125 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.24 [‐0.11, 0.59]
5 Residual renal function: PD fluid types 15 835 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.19 [0.05, 0.33]
5.1 Balance 9 495 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.20 [0.02, 0.37]
5.2 Purely bicarbonate buffered 3 58 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.07 [‐0.46, 0.59]
5.3 Multiple fluid types in treatment group 2 218 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.10 [‐0.20, 0.41]
5.4 Gambrosol trio 1 64 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.52 [0.02, 1.02]
6 Urine volume 11 791 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 114.37 [47.09, 181.65]
6.1 3 months 2 120 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.54 [‐515.46, 514.38]
6.2 12 months 6 392 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 120.94 [45.49, 196.39]
6.3 24 months 2 154 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 123.27 [‐51.83, 298.36]
6.4 3 years + 1 125 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 270.6 [10.53, 530.67]
7 Urine volume: up to 12 months 10 819 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 69.72 [‐55.95, 195.40]
7.1 1 month 1 50 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐30.0 [‐399.49, 339.49]
7.2 3 months 2 120 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.54 [‐515.46, 514.38]
7.3 6 months 6 558 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 157.25 [58.48, 256.01]
7.4 8 months 1 91 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐147.2 [‐262.68, ‐31.72]
8 Urine volume: 12 months up to 24 months 8 579 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 110.57 [40.81, 180.34]
8.1 12 months 6 392 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 120.94 [45.49, 196.39]
8.2 18 months 2 187 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 60.94 [‐186.22, 308.10]
9 Urine volume: 24 months and beyond 3 279 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 169.22 [23.98, 314.46]
9.1 24 months 2 154 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 123.27 [‐51.83, 298.36]
9.2 3 years + 1 125 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 270.6 [10.53, 530.67]
10 Urine volume: PD fluid types 11 791 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 114.37 [47.09, 181.65]
10.1 Balance 7 482 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 120.48 [47.99, 192.97]
10.2 Purely bicarbonate buffered 1 27 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 345.50 [‐274.17, 965.17]
10.3 Multiple fluid types in the treatment group 2 218 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 37.84 [‐423.31, 498.99]
10.4 Gambrosol trio 1 64 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 130.0 [‐105.87, 365.87]
11 Anuria 2 246 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.56 [0.18, 1.75]
12 Peritoneal ultrafiltration: 4 hours 9 414 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.42 [‐0.74, ‐0.10]
12.1 2.26%/2.5% glucose 4 218 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.35 [‐0.76, 0.07]
12.2 3.86%/4.25% glucose 5 196 Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.49 [‐1.08, 0.11]
13 4‐hour dialysate:plasma creatinine (2.27%, 2.4%, or 2.5% glucose) 10 746 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [0.00, 0.03]
13.1 3 months 1 24 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.01 [‐0.11, 0.09]
13.2 12 months 6 448 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [‐0.01, 0.03]
13.3 24 months 2 149 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [‐0.01, 0.04]
13.4 3 years + 1 125 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.06 [0.02, 0.10]
14 4‐hour dialysis:plasma creatinine (patient characteristics) 10 746 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [0.00, 0.03]
14.1 Incident patients 7 554 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.02 [‐0.00, 0.04]
14.2 Prevalent patients 3 192 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.00 [‐0.03, 0.04]
15 4‐hour dialysis:plasma creatinine (PD fluid types) 10 746 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [0.00, 0.03]
15.1 Balance 6 470 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [‐0.01, 0.03]
15.2 Purely bicarbonate buffered 1 24 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.01 [‐0.11, 0.09]
15.3 multiple fluid type in the treatment group 2 187 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.03 [‐0.04, 0.10]
15.4 Gambrosol trio 1 65 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.02 [‐0.01, 0.05]
16 4‐hour dialysis:plasma creatinine (study design) 10 746 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [0.00, 0.03]
16.1 Single centre 4 277 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.01 [‐0.01, 0.04]
16.2 Multicentre 6 469 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 0.02 [‐0.00, 0.04]
17 Peritoneal creatinine clearance [L/wk/1.73 m²] 7 510 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.44 [‐2.03, 1.15]
17.1 3 months 1 24 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐7.46 [‐20.65, 5.73]
17.2 12 months 4 273 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.31 [‐2.28, 1.66]
17.3 24 months 1 88 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐2.60 [‐6.80, 1.60]
17.4 3 years + 1 125 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 1.30 [‐2.37, 4.97]
18 Peritoneal Kt/V urea 6 422 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.01 [‐0.12, 0.09]
18.1 3 months 1 24 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.01 [‐0.78, 0.76]
18.2 12 months 4 273 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.01 [‐0.18, 0.16]
18.3 3 years + 1 125 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.04 [‐0.18, 0.10]
19 Incidence of peritonitis 12 1055 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.26 [0.92, 1.72]
19.1 8 weeks follow‐up 1 59 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.58 [0.49, 5.10]
19.2 24 weeks 1 73 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.17 [0.58, 2.36]
19.3 12 months follow‐up 5 507 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.27 [0.93, 1.73]
19.4 18 months follow‐up 1 69 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.07 [0.56, 2.07]
19.5 24 months follow‐up 4 347 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.33 [0.62, 2.84]
20 Peritonitis rate (episodes/total patient‐months) 10 18184 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.18 [0.84, 1.64]
21 Incidence of peritonitis: attrition bias risk 12 1055 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.26 [0.92, 1.72]
21.1 Low risk 3 359 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.65 [0.47, 0.90]
21.2 High risk 9 696 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.58 [1.28, 1.96]
22 Inflow pain 1   Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) Subtotals only
22.1 6 months 1 58 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.51 [0.24, 1.08]
23 Hospitalisation 2 230 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 3.02 [‐7.08, 13.12]
23.1 12 months 1 48 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) ‐0.40 [‐6.71, 5.91]
23.2 24 months 1 182 Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) 10.79 [‐4.28, 25.86]
24 Technique failure (death‐censored) 15 1275 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.10 [0.75, 1.63]
24.1 3 months 2 52 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.0 [0.0, 0.0]
24.2 6 months 2 179 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.32 [0.04, 2.97]
24.3 12 months 5 478 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.83 [0.31, 2.21]
24.4 24 months 5 441 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.15 [0.70, 1.90]
24.5 3 years + 1 125 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 2.89 [0.58, 14.33]
25 Death (all causes) 15 1229 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.73 [0.47, 1.14]
25.1 3 months 2 52 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.16 [0.01, 3.09]
25.2 12 months follow‐up 7 633 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.59 [0.29, 1.19]
25.3 18 months follow‐up 1 69 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.20 [0.02, 1.84]
25.4 24 months follow‐up 4 350 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 1.18 [0.56, 2.51]
25.5 3 years + 1 125 Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) 0.77 [0.29, 2.03]