Comparison 1. Chlorpromazine versus piperacetazine (short term).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Global state: 1. Clinically important change (psychiatrist‐rated)	2	208	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.90 [0.80, 1.02]
1.1 Short term	2	208	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.90 [0.80, 1.02]
2 Global state: 2a. Any change (improvement after first injection)	1	26	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.0 [0.87, 1.15]
3 Global state: 2b. Any change (improved) (CGI, high = poor)	1	182	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.89 [0.80, 1.01]
4 Mental state: 1a. Overall: mean change score (BPRS total, high = poor )	1	182	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.40 [‐1.41, 0.61]
5 Mental state: 1b. Overall: mean change score (TSRS total, high = poor)	1	182	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.60 [‐1.06, 2.26]
6 Adverse effects/events: 1. General: incidence of adverse effects	3	74	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.0 [0.75, 1.33]
7 Adverse effects/events: 2a. Specific: cardiovascular	2	208	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.47, 1.16]
7.1 Blood pressure, dizziness, syncope, tachycardia	2	208	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.74 [0.47, 1.16]
8 Adverse effects/events: 2b. Specific: central nervous system	2		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
8.1 Dry mouth	1	182	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	4.89 [0.24, 100.51]
8.2 Headache	1	182	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.33 [0.01, 7.90]
8.3 Nausea/vomiting	2	208	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.54 [0.42, 5.73]
8.4 Sleepiness	2	208	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	2.87 [1.13, 7.31]
8.5 Weakness	1	182	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.82 [0.23, 2.95]
9 Adverse effects/events: 2c. Specific: hepatitic	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
9.1 Liver problems (changes in alkaline phosphatase and SGPT levels)	1	26	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.0 [0.16, 6.07]
10 Adverse effects/events: 2d. Specific: movement disorders	4		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
10.1 Akathisia	2	208	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.59 [0.08, 4.36]
10.2 Dystonia	1	182	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.96 [0.18, 21.20]
10.3 Parkinsonism	3	106	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.95 [0.61, 1.49]
10.4 Rigidity	2	208	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.01 [0.15, 7.00]
10.5 Tremor	1	182	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.02 [0.15, 7.10]
11 Leaving the study early	4		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
11.1 For any reason	4	256	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.50 [0.10, 2.56]
11.2 Due to adverse effects	1	182	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.98 [0.06, 15.40]