Study	Reason for exclusion
Ab‐Rahman 2008	Unsatisfactorily explained discrepancy between the number of participants in 2 publications based on the same study
Miner 2005	This was a prospective RCT of ED procedural sedation with propofol alone. There was no comparator intravenous sedative or hypnotic. Participants were randomized to have the treating physician either blinded or not blinded to information from the BIS monitor
Miner 2009	This was a non‐blinded prospective RCT of ED deep procedural sedation with propofol with or without an intravenous opioid analgesic (alfentanil). There was no comparator intravenous sedative or hypnotic. Participants were randomized to either propofol alone or propofol with alfentanil for ED procedural sedation of people undergoing painful procedures

BIS: bispectral index; ED: emergency department; RCT: randomized controlled trial.