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. 2018 Nov 9;2018(11):CD010578. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010578.pub2

8. Grobler 2016: details of interventions (as reported in systematic review).

Review ID Grobler 2016
Types of interventions considered

  1. Any oral nutritional supplement given for ≥ 4 weeks. Trials assessing tube feeding or parenteral nutrition were excluded, as were trials assessing dietary advice alone without the actual provision of supplements.
Details regarding the interventions

  1. Food supplements (sweet balls) + targeted dietary advice

    1. Intervention: sweet balls (made of wheat flour, caramel, groundnuts, vegetable ghee, sprouted gram, nuts) each containing protein 6 g, energy = 600 kcal

    2. Control: standard TB treatment as per RNTCP. General instruction to “increase food intake” (quote).

    3. Duration: 3 months

  2. Daily meal and food parcel

    1. Intervention: daily meal (intensive phase), consisting of a bowl of meat, kidney beans and vegetable stew with rice, followed by food parcel (continuation phase), containing unprepared red kidney beans, rice and oil; adequate for 1 meal/day

    2. Control: verbal and written nutritional advice concerning locally available food that would constitute a balanced diet

    3. Duration: 2 months (intensive phase)

  3. High‐energy oral nutritional supplements + nutrition advice

    1. Intervention: participants supplied with high‐energy oral nutritional supplements (energy = 150 kcal/100 mL, protein = 6.25 g, CHO = 20.2 g, fat = 4.29 g); participants advised to consume 2 packets/day between meals (total 600 kcal of energy), increasing to 3 packets/day if tolerated, until they reached a BMI of 20 or usual body weight; target energy intake was calculated also for each participant and advice given on how to reach this target based on a 24‐hour food diary.

    2. Control: participants advised to increase food intake and given advice to address any imbalances in their diet based on a 24‐hour food diary.

    3. Duration: until required weight reached.

  4. Energy‐protein biscuits

    1. Intervention: 5 daily, high energy (4) and vitamin/mineral enriched (1) biscuit bars containing about 1000 kcal of energy with additional vitamins and minerals, including zinc and selenium, provided during first 2 months of TB treatment.

      1. 30 g basic biscuit bar (energy = 615 kJ, protein = 4.5 g, phosphorous = 120 mg, calcium = 120 mg, magnesium = 36 mg, sodium = 70 mg, potassium = 150 mg, iron and zinc traces = < 1 mg)

      2. 30 g biscuit bar with additional micronutrients (as basic biscuit above + vitamin A = 1.5 mg, thiamin = 20 mg, riboflavin = 20 mg, vitamin B6 = 25 mg, vitamin B12 = 50 μg, folic acid = 0.8 mg, niacin = 40 mg, vitamin C = 200 mg, vitamin E = 60 mg, vitamin D = 5 μg, selenium = 0.2 mg, copper = 5 mg, zinc = 30 mg)

      3. Duration: 2 months (60 days) (Jeremiah 2014)

    2. Energy‐protein biscuits (same composition as basic biscuit above) used in another study but in varying amounts; the intervention group received 6 daily energy protein biscuits for the first 60 days of treatment, 1 of which contained additional micronutrients; the control group received 1 daily energy protein basic biscuit

      1. Duration: 2 months (60 days) (PrayGod 2011)

  5. High cholesterol diet (altered dietary composition)

    1. Intervention: high cholesterol diet (cholesterol = 850 mg/day) (energy = 2500 kcal/day, 16% protein, 54% CHO, 30% lipids)

    2. Control: normal diet (cholesterol = 250 mg/day) (energy = 2500 kcal/day, 16% protein, 54% CHO, 30% lipids 30%)

    3. Duration: 8 weeks

  6. Macronutrient (ready‐to‐serve powder) and micronutrient supplementation

    1. Intervention: macronutrient (ready‐to‐serve powder) given as monthly rations in 3 divided servings (energy = 930 kcal, protein 31.5 g/day) + micronutrient (multivitamin tablet) given once‐a‐day (copper sulphate = 0.1 mg, D‐pantheol = 1 mg, dibasic calcium phosphate = 35 mg, folic acid = 500 μg, magnesium oxide = 0.15 mg, manganese sulphate = 0.01 mg, nicotinamide = 25 mg, potassium iodide = 0.025 mg, vitamin A = 5000 IU, vitamin B1 = 2.5 mg, vitamin B12 = 2.5 μg, vitamin B2 = 2.5 mg, vitamin B6 = 2.5 mg, vitamin C = 40 mg, vitamin D3 = 200 IU, vitamin E = 7.5 mg, zinc sulphate = 50 mg)

    2. Control: dietary advice alone

    3. Duration: 6 months
Comments Only 7 trials of macronutrient supplementation were reported here (as relevant for this overview). We excluded 1 macronutrient trial, Pérez‐Guzmán 2005, as it was based in a hospital setting (inpatients).
Information provided as (and if) reported in systematic review.

BMI: body mass index; CHO: carbohydrate; ID: identifier; kcal: kilocalories; kJ: kilojoules; RNTCP: Revised National TB Control Program; TB: tuberculosis.