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. 2018 Nov 9;2018(11):CD010578. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD010578.pub2

9. Kristjansson 2007: details of interventions (as reported in systematic review).

Review ID Kristjansson 2007
Types of interventions considered Meals (breakfast or lunch) or snacks (including milk) administered in a school setting
Details regarding the interventions

  1. Midday meal

    1. Intervention: mid‐day meal (energy = 450–500 calories, protein = 10–12 g, % RDA for energy = 25%, DRI for protein = 58%)

    2. Control: no food

    3. Duration: 24 months

  2. Mid‐morning green gram and palm sugar

    1. Intervention: green gram and palm sugar given mid‐morning (energy = 195 calories, protein = 12 g, % RDA for energy = 8–10%, % DRI for protein = 35–63%)

    2. Control: iron = 100 mg

    3. Duration: 12 months

  3. Milk supplement

    1. Intervention: 190 mL milk supplement daily (energy = 126 calories, protein = 6.5 g, % RDA for energy = 6.3%, % DRI for protein = 19–34%)

    2. Control: no milk

    3. Duration: 21.5 months

  4. Nutritious, well‐balanced breakfast

    1. Intervention: nutritious, well‐balanced breakfast; details unclear, but large meals provided (energy = NR, protein = NR, % RDA for energy = NR; % DRI for protein = NR)

    2. Control: participants were their own controls

    3. Duration: 20 days intervention

  5. Nutritious breakfast in school

    1. Intervention: nutritious breakfast; details unclear, but large meals provided (energy = NR, protein = NR, % RDA for energy = NR, % DRI for protein = NR)

    2. Control: participants were their own controls

    3. Duration: 21–30 school days

  6. Breakfast in school

    1. Intervention: 225 mL of chocolate milk and cheese sandwich (energy = 2174 kJ, protein = 21.3 g, % of RDA for energy = 26%, % of DRI for protein = 63%)

    2. Control: 1/4 orange

    3. Duration: feeding 1 week before testing and during testing

  7. Milk supplement

    1. Intervention: 1 pint daily (1/2 pint given in morning and 1/2 pint given in afternoon) in addition to basic diet (energy = 388 calories, protein = 18 g, % RDA for energy = NR; % DRI for protein = 19–34%)

    2. Control: no milk

    3. Duration: 1 year, 2 years and 3 years, all year round

  8. Vegetable protein mixture

    1. Intervention: vegetable protein mixture (energy = 345–395 cal/day, protein = 14 g, % RDA for energy = 17–19%, % DRI for protein = 50%)

    2. Control: no food

    3. Duration: 10 months

  9. Milk with added calcium

    1. Intervention: milk with added calcium (energy = NR, protein = NR, % RDA for energy = 10%, % DRI for protein = NR)

    2. Control: no milk

    3. Duration: 24 months on school days

  10. Breakfast

    1. Intervention: 4 cookies and 1 instant drink, sometimes a cake and drinks of different flavours (energy = 600 kcal, protein = 19.5 g, % RDA for energy = 23–33%, % DRI for protein = 57–103%)

    2. Control: no feeding. All received food in another phase

    3. Duration: 5‐week programme. Data collection started after 2 weeks

  11. Breakfast (traditional and hot)

    1. Intervention: traditional and hot breakfast (energy = NR, protein = 3–5 g/breakfast, % RDA for energy = NR but designed to provide 1/4 of the RDA for 9‐ and 10‐year olds, % DRI for protein = NR

    2. Control: no breakfast

    3. Duration: 8 months

  12. Githeri + meat

    1. Intervention: githeri (maize and legumes) and meat (energy = 239 kcal in 1st year and 313 kcal in 2nd year, protein = 19.2 g in 1st year and 21.7 g in 2nd year, % RDA for energy = 15–20%, % DRI for protein = NR

    2. Control: nothing

    3. Duration: 23 months

  13. Whole milk

    1. Intervention: 3/4 pint to 1 1/4 pint of whole milk depending on age (energy = 213–355 kcal, protein = 13.8–23.6 g, % RDA for energy = 14–17%, % DRI for protein = 44–72%)

    2. Control: nothing

    3. Duration: 14 months (7 + 7 months over 2 years)

  14. High protein drink supplement

    1. Intervention: high‐protein drink supplement (providing iron, calcium, protein, vitamin D) given mid‐morning; all children got school lunch and some got school breakfast too (energy = 240 calories, protein = 14.5 g, % RDA for energy = 12–13%, % RDI for protein = 46–73%)

    2. Control: no supplement

    3. Duration: 9 months

  15. Breakfast

    1. Intervention: patty with meat, vegetables, milk or banana cake (energy = 380–730 kcal (depending on whether children took cake or patty), protein = 17 g (mean), % RDA for energy = 17–20% for boys and 23% for girls, % DRI for protein = 33–50% for boys and 37–50% for girls)

    2. Control group 1: syrup drink (energy = 33 kcal)

    3. Control group 2: nothing

    4. Duration: 3 months

  16. Breakfast in school

    1. Intervention: cheese sandwich or spiced bun and cheese + flavoured milk (energy = 576–703 kcal, protein = 27.1 g, % RDA for energy = 32%, % DRI for protein = 80%)

    2. Control: 1/4 orange (energy = 18 kcal)

    3. Duration: 8 months

  17. Breakfast club before school

    1. Intervention: school breakfast (energy = 334–695 kcal, protein = 8.9–13.7 g, % RDA for energy = NR; % DRI for protein = NR); case studies of 5 schools, each of which planned its own breakfast club

    2. Control: NR

    3. Duration: 12 months

  18. Lunch at school

    1. Intervention: school lunch (energy = 705 calories, protein = 26 g, % RDA for energy = 28–39%, % DRI for protein = 77–131%)

    2. Control: went home for lunch as usual

    3. Duration: 25 months (excluding summers)
Comments Information provided as (and if) reported in systematic review.

DRI: daily recommended intake; ID: identifier; kcal: kilocalories; kJ: kilojoules; NR: not reported; RDA: recommended dietary allowances.