Milovanov 2009.

Methods	Study design: parallel RCT Study duration: not reported Study follow‐up period: 3 to 35 months
Participants	Country: Russia Setting: single centre Patients with CKD 3‐4; lupus nephritis; systemic vasculitis Number: low protein diet group + keto/amino acids (18); normal protein diet (10) Mean age ± SD (years): not reported Sex M/F: not reported Exclusion criteria: not reported
Interventions	Low protein diet group Prescribed protein intake: 0.7g/kg/d (animal protein 0.4g/kg/d, vegetable protein 0.2g/kg/d and essential amino acids 0.1 g/kg/d) Actual protein intake: not reported Normal diet group Prescribed protein intake: free protein diet 1.1 to 1.3 g/kg/d Actual protein intake: not reported Co‐interventions Not reported
Outcomes	Final GFR: method of measurement not reported
Notes	Dr Larisa Prikhodina assisted with translation and data extraction Funding source: not reported
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	No blinding and lack of blinding may influence patient management
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias): End or change in GFR End of change in GFR	Unclear risk	Method of GFR measurement unclear
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias): Need to start dialysis Need to start dialysis	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement
Other bias	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgement