Comparison 1. APC + OFD versus OFD (9‐12 months).

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 Probing depth (mm)	12	510	Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	1.29 [1.00, 1.58]
1.1 Split‐mouth studies	5	158	Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	1.86 [1.07, 2.66]
1.2 Parallel studies	7	352	Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.90, 1.07]
2 Clinical attachment level (mm)	12	510	Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	1.47 [1.11, 1.82]
2.1 Split‐mouth studies	5	158	Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	2.36 [1.19, 3.54]
2.2 Parallel studies	7	352	Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	0.99 [0.84, 1.14]
3 Radiographic bone defect filling (%)	9	401	Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	34.26 [30.07, 38.46]
3.1 Split‐mouth studies	2	49	Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	27.32 [20.92, 33.72]
3.2 Parallel studies	7	352	Mean Difference (Random, 95% CI)	35.77 [31.20, 40.35]