Comparison 1. Distraction.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1.1 Self‐reported pain	30	2802	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.56 [‐0.78, ‐0.33]
1.2 Self‐reported distress	4	426	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.82 [‐1.45, ‐0.18]
1.3 Observer‐reported pain	11	1512	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.62 [‐1.00, ‐0.23]
1.4 Observer‐reported distress	5	1067	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.72 [‐1.41, ‐0.03]
1.5 Behavioral measures‐ Pain	4	309	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.33 [‐0.69, 0.03]
1.6 Behavioral measures‐ Distress	7	500	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.44 [‐0.84, ‐0.04]
1.7 Physiological measure ‐ heart rate	3	252	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.64 [‐0.89, ‐0.38]
1.8 Physiological measure ‐ oxygen saturation	2	112	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.60 [0.22, 0.98]