Comparison 2. CBT‐combined.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
2.1 Self‐reported pain	14	1359	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.27 [‐0.58, 0.03]
2.2 Self‐reported distress	6	234	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.26 [‐0.56, 0.04]
2.3 Observer‐reported pain	4	385	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.52 [‐0.73, ‐0.30]
2.4 Observer‐reported distress	6	765	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.08 [‐0.34, 0.50]
2.5 Behavioral measures‐ Pain	2	95	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.65 [‐2.36, 1.06]
2.6 Behavioral measures‐ Distress	11	1105	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.40 [‐0.67, ‐0.14]
2.7 Physiological measure ‐ Cortisol	3	310	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.16 [‐3.37, 1.06]