Bellieni 2006.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT. 3 arms.
Participants	Number of children: 23 control, 46 treatment Sex of children: 33 M, 36 F Age range of children: 7 ‐ 12 years Mean age of children: not reported (Median = 9 years for intervention; 8 years for control) Needle procedure: venepuncture Diagnosis of child: “outpatients” Inclusion criteria: 7 ‐ 12 years old, last meal 3 hours before venepuncture Exclusion criteria: neurodevelopmental delay, frequent venepunctures (> 1/year) Setting: Italy, no other details provided
Interventions	1. Cartoon TV distraction: Cartoon played on a TV, started 120 seconds before venepuncture 2. Mother‐directed distraction: Active distraction by mothers during the venepuncture by speaking, caressing, and soothing 3. No distraction control: Mothers present and asked not to distract children
Outcomes	Pain measures: Child self‐report: Oucher Pain Rating Scale Parent report of child pain: Oucher Pain Rating Scale Adverse events: none mentioned
Notes	Study dates: study dates not reported Funding source: none stated Conflicts of interest: none declared
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Quote: "using a random numbers from a computer generated sequence" p.1015 Par 2
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgment of 'low' or 'high' risk
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Study participants and personnel were not blinded
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	No blinding of outcome assessment
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No missing data
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgment of 'low' or 'high' risk
Other bias	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to assess whether an important risk of bias exists (e.g. parenting pain rating…"ignoring the score given by the child" p.1015)