Kuttner 1987.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT. 3 arms.
Participants	Number of children: 8 control, 17 treatment Sex of children: not reported Age range of children: 3 ‐ 6 years Mean age of children: not reported Needle procedure: BMA Diagnosis of child: leukemia Inclusion criteria: leukemia patients who had expressed difficulty in coping with recurrent BMAs and LPs that constituted an essential part of their treatment for cancer Exclusion criteria: none reported Setting: treatment/surgery room at children's hospital in Canada
Interventions	1. Hypnosis: Hypnotic techniques included using the child’s favorite story for hypnotic suggestion and reframing of the experience. Children practised the therapist‐led technique prior to the procedure. Procedural and sensory information was interwoven into the storyline. 2. Distraction: Distracters included books, bubbles, and toys. 3. Standard care control: Standard medical practice included information, reassurance, and support.
Outcomes	Pain measure: Child self‐report: interval picture 5–point scale Observer report: interval picture 5–point scale Physician report: interval picture 5–point scale Parent report: interval picture 5–point scale Nurse report: interval picture 5–point scale Distress measure: Child self‐report: interval picture 5–point scale Physician report: interval picture 5–point scale Parent report: interval picture 5–point scale Nurse report: interval picture 5–point scale Behavioral: PBRS‐R Adverse events: none mentioned
Notes	Data necessary for the meta‐analysis pooling (i.e. means and SDs) was reported for the PBRS‐R only. Also, because there were 2 treatment sessions, data were reported for 3 time points (i.e. baseline, 1st intervention, 2nd intervention). For the analyses in this review, we used data for the 1st intervention only. Study dates: study dates not reported Funding: BC Health Care Research Foundation Grant #54‐82‐2. Conflicts of interest: none declared
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Randomized ‐ no further details. Insufficient information to permit judgment of 'low' or 'high' risk
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to permit judgment of 'low' or 'high' risk
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Study participants and personnel were not blinded
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	No blinding of outcome assessment
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Unclear risk	Insufficient reporting of exclusions to permit judgment of 'low' or 'high' risk. One or more outcomes of interest are reported incompletely.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	High risk	One or more outcomes of interest are reported incompletely.
Other bias	High risk	Multiple potential sources of bias related to study design (e.g. small sample size)