Meynard 2002.

Methods	A multi‐centre randomized trial in France
Participants	541 participants Inclusion: plasma HIV‐1 RNA 1000 copies/mL; previous exposure to at least 1 protease inhibitor (PI) for at least 3 months; unchanged antiretroviral regimen for the 2 preceding months; over 18 years of age; Karnofsky score > 70% Exclusion: active opportunistic infection; previous resistance testing; estimated poor adherence; blood haemoglobin < 8 g/dL; blood neutrophils < 750 × 10⁶/L; serum creatinine > 150 µmol/L; serum amylase > 3 times the upper limit of normal; liver aminotransferase values > 5 times the upper limit of normal
Interventions	Intervention 1: phenotyping (P) arm in which the treatment choice was guided by a phenotypic test Intervention 2: genotyping (G) arm in which the treatment choice was guided by a genotypic test Control: standard of care (SOC) arm in which treatment was chosen by the clinician
Outcomes	Virological success (< 200 copies and < 20 copies/mL), change in viral load, change in CD4 count Follow‐up: 36 weeks
Notes	All participants provided informed consent. Funding: Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida, Glaxo Wellcome, Abbott, Dupont‐Pharma, and Visible Genetics
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Method of randomization was not reported.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Arm assignments were revealed only to the investigator and patients at day 0.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	This was an open‐label study (knowledge of allocation is unlikely to introduce bias).
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Trial authors did not report this information (knowledge of allocation is unlikely to introduce bias).
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Losses to follow‐up were balanced across groups but were considerable (> 20%).
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Trial authors reported all outcomes of interest.
Other bias	Low risk	We found no other sources of bias.
Overall risk assessment	Low risk	We had no serious risk of bias concerns.