Niromanesh 2001.

Methods	Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled clinical trial.
Participants	Women attending a hospital in Tehran, Iran. Dates of recruitment not stated Women at high risk for pre‐eclampsia: positive 'roll‐over' test and at least 1 risk factor for pre‐eclampsia; 28‐32 weeks' pregnant; BP < 140/90 mmHg. Exclusion criteria: chronic medical conditions. Not defined as low or adequate calcium intake (from table 1 dairy intake appears to be about 200 mL + 400 g per day)
Interventions	Elemental calcium 2 g daily (500 mg 6‐hourly) or placebo, coded by the pharmacy
Outcomes	Pre‐eclampsia: an increase (30 mmHg) of SBP above 14 mmHg and an increase (15 mmHg) of DBP above 90 mmHg, twice 4‐6 hours apart, with proteinuria 1+; duration of pregnancy (39.5 SD 0.8 vs 37.7 SD 2.5 weeks); birthweight (3316 SD 308 vs 2764 SD 761 g); weekly maternal weight increase (no difference).
Notes	No loss to follow‐up Source of funding: not stated; supplements and placebo tablets were provided by a pharmaceutical company. CoI: not stated.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	Women were "randomly assigned".
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Adequate. Manufacturer coded the tablets which had same packaging and physical characteristics. A pharmacy dispensed the tablets.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No incomplete outcome data (sample size = 30)
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Low risk	Expected outcomes reported
Other bias	Unclear risk	No incomplete data or loss to follow‐up