Rumiris 2006.

Methods	Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial. Participants randomised according to a computer‐generated random number sequence by an independent third party who had no conflict of interest in the study.
Participants	Women attending a university hospital in Indonesia between March 2003 and June 2004 60 pregnant women with low antioxidant status at 8 to 12 weeks of gestation Exclusion criteria: 1) history or current use of anti‐hypertensive medication or diuretics; 2) use of vitamin C > 150 mg and/or vitamin E > 75 IU per day; 3) known placental abnormalities; 4) current pregnancy as a result of in vitro fertilisation; 5) regular use of platelet active drugs or non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs); 6) known fetal abnormalities; 7) documented uterine bleeding within a week of screening; 8) uterine malformations;   9) history of medical complications.
Interventions	Supplementation with calcium (800 mg), N‐acetylcysteine (200 mg), Cu (2 mg), Zn (15 mg), Mn (0.5 mg), and selenium (100 mcg) and vitamins A (1000 IU), B6 (2.2 mg), B12 (2.2 mcg), C (200 mg), and E (400 IU), from 8 to 12 weeks of gestation throughout pregnancy Both groups received Fe (30 mg) and folic acid (400 mcg). Placebo supplement’s size and appearance were matched with those of antioxidants.
Outcomes	Maternal: pre‐eclampsia, hypertension, proteinuria and abortion. Perinatal: IUGR, intrauterine fetal death, preterm delivery (before 37 weeks).
Notes	Source of funding: not stated. CoI: not stated.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Participants were randomised according to a computer‐generated random number sequence by an independent third party who had no conflict of interest in the study.
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Participants were randomised according to a computer‐generated random number sequence by an independent third party who had no conflict of interest in the study.
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	No loss to follow‐up
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Unable to comment
Other bias	Low risk	None noted