Summary of findings 4. CP paint‐on gel versus placebo for whitening teeth.
| Carbamide peroxide (CP) paint‐on gel compared to placebo for whitening teeth | ||||||
| Patient or population: adults undergoing bleaching Setting: home‐based Intervention: CP paint‐on gel Comparison: placebo | ||||||
| Tooth whitening ‐ assessed by the dentist | ||||||
| Comparisons | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | Number of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with placebo | Risk with CP paint‐on | |||||
| 18% CP paint‐on gel versus placebo ‐ 3 weeks (higher shade indicates whiter) | The mean shade change in the placebo group was 0.34 | Mean difference in the shade change was 3.50 higher in the CP paint‐on gel group (3.12 higher to 3.88 higher) | ‐ | 77 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ VERY LOW1, 2 | ‐ |
| Adverse effects | ||||||
| Not reported | ||||||
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI) CI: confidence interval; RCT: randomised controlled trial | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect | ||||||
1Downgraded for risk of bias ‐ unclear risk of bias due to selection and detection bias. 2Downgraded for imprecision ‐ single trial and low sample and event rate.