Summary of findings 7. STPP chewing gum versus placebo for whitening teeth.
| Sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) chewing gum compared to placebo for whitening teeth | ||||||
| Patient or population: adults undergoing bleaching Setting: home‐based Intervention: STPP chewing gum Comparison: placebo | ||||||
| Tooth whitening ‐ assessed by the dentist | ||||||
| Comparisons | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | Number of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with placebo | Risk with STPP chewing gum | |||||
| 1% STPP chewing gum versus placebo ‐ 6 weeks (higher shade indicates whiter) | The mean shade change in placebo gum was ‐0.09 | Mean difference in the shade change was 0.18 higher in the STPP chewing gum group (0.10 higher to 0.26 higher) |
‐ | 108 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ VERY LOW1, 2 | ‐ |
| Adverse effects | ||||||
| Not reported | ||||||
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI) CI: confidence interval; RCT: randomised controlled trial | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect | ||||||
1Downgraded for risk of bias ‐ unclear risk of bias due to lack of allocation concealment. 2Downgraded for imprecision ‐ single trial and low sample and event rate.