Summary of findings 8. HP mouthwash versus placebo for whitening teeth.
| Hydrogen peroxide (HP) mouthwash compared to placebo for whitening teeth | ||||||
| Patient or population: adults undergoing bleaching Setting: home‐based Intervention: HP mouthwash Comparison: placebo | ||||||
| Tooth whitening ‐ assessed by the dentist | ||||||
| Comparisons | Anticipated absolute effects* (95% CI) | Relative effect (95% CI) | Number of participants (studies) | Certainty of the evidence (GRADE) | Comments | |
| Risk with placebo | Risk with HP mouthwash | |||||
| 1.5% HP + 0.05% HF mouthwash versus placebo ‐ 6 months (higher OR indicates whiter) | Study population | OR 10.89 (5.08 to 23.35) | 78 (1 RCT) | ⊕⊝⊝⊝ VERY LOW1, 2 | Log of odds ratio and SE were calculated and data analyzed using generic inverse variance method | |
| 0 per 1000 | 0 per 1000 (0 to 0) | |||||
| Adverse effects | ||||||
| Not reported | ||||||
| *The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% confidence interval) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI) CI: confidence interval; F: fluoride; OR: odds ratio; RCT: randomised controlled trial; SE: standard error | ||||||
| GRADE Working Group grades of evidence High certainty: we are very confident that the true effect lies close to that of the estimate of the effect Moderate certainty: we are moderately confident in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be close to the estimate of the effect, but there is a possibility that it is substantially different Low certainty: our confidence in the effect estimate is limited: the true effect may be substantially different from the estimate of the effect Very low certainty: we have very little confidence in the effect estimate: the true effect is likely to be substantially different from the estimate of effect | ||||||
1Downgraded for risk of bias ‐ unclear risk of bias due to attrition bias. 2Downgraded for imprecision ‐ low sample size and event rate.