Study	Reason for exclusion
Cai 2015	RCT comparing two different types of vertebroplasty.
Chen 2014b	RCT comparing two different types of vertebroplasty.
Chun‐lei 2015	RCT comparing unipedicular vertebroplasty and bipedicular vertebroplasty, vertebroplasty given to both treatment groups.
Du 2014	Treatment allocation not random, "Patients were divided according to the surgeon they had been referred to."
Gilula 2013	RCT comparing different cement types, vertebroplasty given to both treatment groups. Trial registration: NCT00290862.
Gu 2015	RCT comparing screw fixation and vertebroplasty to vertebroplasty.
Huang 2014	RCT comparing different cement types, vertebroplasty given to both treatment groups.
Li 2015a	RCT comparing two different types of vertebroplasty.
Liu 2015	RCT comparing two different types of vertebroplasty.
Min 2015	RCT comparing vertebroplasty in both groups.
Son 2014	Not an RCT (retrospective cohort).
Xiao‐nan 2014	RCT comparing different cement types, vertebroplasty given to both treatment groups.
Yang 2014	Non‐randomised study.
Yi 2014	Non‐randomised study.
Yi 2016	Non‐randomised study.
Ying 2017	RCT comparing low and high viscosity cement types, vertebroplasty given to both treatment groups.
Yokoyama 2016	Non‐randomised study.
Zhang 2015a	RCT comparing different cement types, vertebroplasty given to both treatment groups.
Zhang 2015b	RCT comparing unipedicular vertebroplasty and bipedicular vertebroplasty, vertebroplasty given to both treatment groups.
Zhang 2015c	RCT comparing unilateral and bilateral vertebroplasty, vertebroplasty given to both treatment groups.

RCT: randomised controlled trial