| 1 MACCEs ‐ LCn3 |
5 |
34730 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.03 [0.97, 1.09] |
| 2 Myocardial infarction (overall) ‐ LCn3 |
23 |
72159 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.95 [0.88, 1.03] |
| 3 Total MI ‐ sensitivity analysis (SA) by summary risk of bias |
23 |
72159 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.95 [0.88, 1.03] |
| 3.1 Low summary risk of bias |
11 |
30025 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.03 [0.92, 1.15] |
| 3.2 Moderate to high risk of bias |
12 |
42134 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.88 [0.79, 0.99] |
| 4 Total MI ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by compliance and study size |
23 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 4.1 SA ‐ low risk of compliance bias |
10 |
13002 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.94 [0.79, 1.13] |
| 4.2 SA ‐ 100+ randomised |
21 |
72015 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.95 [0.88, 1.03] |
| 5 Total MI ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by fatality |
23 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 5.1 Fatal MI |
15 |
60471 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.76 [0.53, 1.10] |
| 5.2 Non‐fatal MI |
21 |
70407 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.96 [0.87, 1.06] |
| 6 Sudden cardiac death (overall) ‐ LCn3 |
14 |
65004 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.97 [0.80, 1.18] |
| 7 Angina ‐ LCn3 |
11 |
39907 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.99 [0.91, 1.06] |
| 8 Heart failure ‐ LCn3 |
15 |
49644 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.93 [0.85, 1.03] |
| 8.1 Low summary risk of bias |
6 |
24176 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.97 [0.89, 1.06] |
| 8.2 Moderate to high risk of bias |
9 |
25468 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.78 [0.57, 1.08] |
| 9 Revascularisation ‐ LCn3 |
15 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 9.1 CABG ‐ LCn3 |
5 |
1535 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.56 [0.15, 2.14] |
| 9.2 Angioplasty ‐ LCn3 |
4 |
3195 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.96 [0.74, 1.24] |
| 9.3 Any revascularisation ‐ LCn3 |
12 |
66095 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.98 [0.94, 1.03] |
| 10 Peripheral arterial disease ‐ LCn3 |
6 |
49035 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.93 [0.74, 1.18] |
| 11 PAD ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by summary risk of bias |
6 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 11.1 Low summary risk of bias |
2 |
12738 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.10 [0.75, 1.62] |
| 11.2 Moderate to high summary risk of bias |
4 |
36297 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.85 [0.64, 1.14] |
| 12 PAD ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA compliance and study size |
6 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 12.1 SA compliance |
1 |
202 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.0 [0.06, 15.77] |
| 12.2 SA study size 100+ |
6 |
49035 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.93 [0.74, 1.18] |
| 13 Acute coronary syndrome ‐ LCn3 |
2 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 13.1 LCn3 |
2 |
2703 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.19 [0.71, 2.00] |
| 14 Body weight, kg ‐ LCn3 |
12 |
15812 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.01 [‐0.84, 0.82] |
| 15 Weight, kg ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by summary risk of bias |
12 |
15812 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.01 [‐0.84, 0.82] |
| 15.1 Low risk of bias |
7 |
15458 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.01 [‐0.91, 0.90] |
| 15.2 Moderate/high risk of bias |
5 |
354 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.28 [‐3.12, 2.55] |
| 16 Weight, kg ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by compliance and study size |
10 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 16.1 SA ‐ low risk of compliance bias |
7 |
828 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.58 [‐0.52, 1.69] |
| 16.2 SA ‐ 100+ randomised |
7 |
15545 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.07 [‐0.84, 0.97] |
| 17 Weight, kg ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by dose |
12 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 17.1 LCn3 ≤ 150 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 17.2 LCn3 > 150 ≤ 250 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 17.3 LCn3 > 250 ≤ 400 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 17.4 LCn3 > 400 ≤ 2400 mg/d |
8 |
15420 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.29 [‐1.16, 0.58] |
| 17.5 LCn3 > 2.4 ≤ 4.4 g/d |
3 |
241 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.07 [‐6.38, 6.51] |
| 17.6 LCn3 > 4.4 g/d |
2 |
261 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.51 [0.28, 2.75] |
| 18 Weight, kg ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by replacement |
12 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 18.1 N‐3 replacing SFA |
2 |
433 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐2.51 [‐4.30, ‐0.72] |
| 18.2 N‐3 replacing MUFA |
7 |
15088 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.23 [‐0.28, 0.75] |
| 18.3 N‐3 replacing n‐6 |
1 |
41 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.3 [‐3.83, 1.23] |
| 18.4 N‐3 replacing carbs/sugars |
1 |
258 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐2.70 [‐4.75, ‐0.65] |
| 18.5 N‐3 replacing nil/low n‐3 placebo |
1 |
202 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.5 [0.25, 2.75] |
| 18.6 Replacement unclear |
2 |
223 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.60 [‐4.93, 6.13] |
| 19 Weight, kg ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by intervention type |
12 |
15812 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.01 [‐0.84, 0.82] |
| 19.1 Dietary advice |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 19.2 Supplemental foods |
1 |
202 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.5 [0.25, 2.75] |
| 19.3 Supplement (capsule) |
9 |
15538 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.23 [‐1.08, 0.63] |
| 19.4 Any combination |
2 |
72 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.43 [‐6.47, 5.61] |
| 20 Weight, kg ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by duration |
12 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 20.1 Medium duration 1 to < 2 years in study |
8 |
840 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.54 [‐2.21, 1.12] |
| 20.2 Medium‐long duration: 2 to < 4 years in study |
3 |
436 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.67 [‐1.58, 2.91] |
| 20.3 Long duration ≥ 4 years in study |
1 |
14536 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.10 [‐0.48, 0.68] |
| 21 Weight, kg ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by primary or secondary prevention |
12 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 21.1 Primary CVD prevention |
10 |
15578 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.05 [‐0.83, 0.92] |
| 21.2 Secondary CVD prevention |
2 |
234 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.13 [‐4.43, 2.16] |
| 22 Weight, kg ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by statin use |
12 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 22.1 LCn3 ‐ ≥ 50% of control group on statins |
2 |
14631 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.64 [‐1.88, 3.17] |
| 22.2 LCn3 ‐ < 50% of control group on statins |
5 |
614 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.47 [‐0.66, 1.60] |
| 22.3 LCn3 ‐ use of statins unclear |
5 |
567 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.51 [‐3.30, 0.27] |
| 23 Body mass index, kg/m² ‐ LCn3 |
14 |
15234 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.04 [‐0.16, 0.24] |
| 24 BMI, kg/m²‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by summary risk of bias |
14 |
15234 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.04 [‐0.16, 0.24] |
| 24.1 Low risk of bias |
5 |
14190 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.01 [‐0.36, 0.33] |
| 24.2 Moderate/high risk of bias |
9 |
1044 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.04 [‐0.13, 0.20] |
| 25 BMI, kg/m²‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by compliance and study size |
10 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 25.1 SA ‐ low risk of compliance bias |
5 |
1848 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.09 [‐0.21, 0.38] |
| 25.2 SA ‐ 100+ randomised |
9 |
14982 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.12, 0.14] |
| 26 BMI, kg/m² ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by dose |
14 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 26.1 LCn3 > 150 ≤ 250 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 26.2 LCn3 ≤ 150 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 26.3 LCn3 > 250 ≤ 400 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 26.4 LCn3 > 400 ≤ 2400 mg/d |
11 |
14789 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.11, 0.13] |
| 26.5 LCn3 > 2.4 ≤ 4.4 g/d |
3 |
445 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.42 [‐0.51, 3.35] |
| 26.6 LCn3 > 4.4 g/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 27 BMI, kg/m² ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by replacement |
14 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 27.1 N‐3 replacing SFA |
1 |
258 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.60 [‐1.14, ‐0.06] |
| 27.2 N‐3 replacing MUFA |
7 |
14180 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.08 [‐0.12, 0.28] |
| 27.3 N‐3 replacing n‐6 |
3 |
513 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.18 [‐0.46, 0.81] |
| 27.4 N‐3 replacing carbs/sugars |
1 |
258 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.60 [‐1.14, ‐0.06] |
| 27.5 N‐3 replacing nil/low n‐3 placebo |
1 |
60 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.0 [‐1.18, 3.18] |
| 27.6 Replacement unclear |
2 |
223 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.58 [‐1.17, 2.33] |
| 28 BMI, kg/m² ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by intervention type |
14 |
15234 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.04 [‐0.16, 0.24] |
| 28.1 Dietary advice |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 28.2 Supplemental foods |
1 |
1260 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.1 [‐0.10, 0.30] |
| 28.3 Supplement (capsule) |
12 |
13929 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.25, 0.27] |
| 28.4 Any combination |
1 |
45 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.60 [‐0.43, 3.63] |
| 29 BMI, kg/m² ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by duration |
14 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 29.1 Medium duration 1 to < 2 years in study |
9 |
906 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.24 [‐0.40, 0.88] |
| 29.2 Medium‐long duration: 2 to < 4 years in study |
4 |
1792 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.12 [‐0.07, 0.31] |
| 29.3 Long duration ≥ 4 years in study |
1 |
12536 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [‐0.20, 0.20] |
| 30 BMI, kg/m² ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by primary or secondary prevention |
14 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 30.1 Primary CVD prevention |
11 |
13610 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.15 [‐0.36, 0.66] |
| 30.2 Secondary CVD prevention |
3 |
1624 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.05 [‐0.08, 0.18] |
| 31 BMI, kg/m² ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by statin use |
14 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 31.1 LCn3 ‐ ≥ 50% of control group on statins |
3 |
13891 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.13 [‐0.22, 0.48] |
| 31.2 LCn3 ‐ < 50% of control group on statins |
4 |
665 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.02 [‐0.15, 0.19] |
| 31.3 LCn3 ‐ use of statins unclear |
7 |
678 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.06 [‐0.86, 0.97] |
| 32 Other measures of adiposity ‐ LCn3 |
6 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 32.1 Percentage body fat |
2 |
127 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.85 [‐6.87, 8.57] |
| 32.2 Percentage visceral fat |
1 |
95 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.80 [‐15.03, 11.43] |
| 32.3 Waist circumference, cm |
3 |
676 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.66 [‐0.09, 1.42] |
| 32.4 Waist‐hip ratio |
1 |
100 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [‐0.01, 0.01] |
| 32.5 Abdominal circumference, cm |
1 |
256 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.70 [‐8.78, 7.38] |
| 32.6 Hip circumference, cm |
1 |
258 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐2.40 [‐9.80, 5.00] |
| 33 Total cholesterol, serum, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 |
28 |
37281 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.01 [‐0.05, 0.04] |
| 34 TC, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by summary risk of bias |
28 |
37281 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.01 [‐0.05, 0.03] |
| 34.1 Low risk of bias |
9 |
14930 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.05, 0.06] |
| 34.2 Moderate/high risk of bias |
19 |
22351 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.03 [‐0.09, 0.03] |
| 35 TC, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by compliance and study size |
20 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 35.1 SA ‐ low risk of compliance bias |
14 |
3341 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.02 [‐0.05, 0.09] |
| 35.2 SA ‐ 100+ randomised |
15 |
36622 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.00 [‐0.05, 0.06] |
| 36 TC, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by dose |
28 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 36.1 LCn3 ≤ 150 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 36.2 LCn3 > 150 ≤ 250 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 36.3 LCn3 > 250 ≤ 400 mg/d |
1 |
1715 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.10 [‐0.01, 0.21] |
| 36.4 LCn3 > 400 ≤ 2400 mg/d |
18 |
34262 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.03 [‐0.06, 0.00] |
| 36.5 LCn3 > 2.4 ≤ 4.4 g/d |
7 |
1216 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.14 [‐0.28, ‐0.01] |
| 36.6 LCn3 > 4.4 g/d |
2 |
88 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.08 [‐0.28, 0.45] |
| 37 TC, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by replacement |
28 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 37.1 N‐3 replacing SFA |
3 |
2148 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.10 [‐0.01, 0.20] |
| 37.2 N‐3 replacing MUFA |
15 |
16504 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.04, 0.06] |
| 37.3 N‐3 replacing n‐6 |
5 |
895 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.02 [‐0.22, 0.26] |
| 37.4 N‐3 replacing carbs/sugars |
1 |
258 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.20 [‐1.03, 0.63] |
| 37.5 N‐3 replacing nil/low n‐3 placebo |
5 |
19431 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.05 [‐0.07, ‐0.03] |
| 37.6 Replacement unclear |
2 |
193 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.15 [‐0.47, 0.17] |
| 38 TC, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by intervention type |
28 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 38.1 Dietary advice |
1 |
1715 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.10 [‐0.01, 0.21] |
| 38.2 Supplemental foods |
1 |
1210 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.02 [‐0.09, 0.13] |
| 38.3 Supplement (capsule) |
24 |
34145 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.05 [‐0.07, ‐0.03] |
| 38.4 Any combination |
2 |
211 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.13 [‐0.10, 0.37] |
| 39 TC, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by duration |
28 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 39.1 Medium duration 1 to < 2 years in study |
15 |
1661 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.06 [‐0.16, 0.04] |
| 39.2 Medium‐long duration: 2 to < 4 years in study |
10 |
4231 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.02 [‐0.05, 0.10] |
| 39.3 Long duration ≥ 4 years in study |
3 |
31389 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.00 [‐0.09, 0.09] |
| 40 TC, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by primary or secondary prevention |
28 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 40.1 Primary prevention |
17 |
32796 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.04 [‐0.07, ‐0.02] |
| 40.2 Secondary prevention |
11 |
4485 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.01 [‐0.09, 0.08] |
| 41 TC, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by statin use |
28 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 41.1 LCn3 ‐ ≥ 50% of control group on statins |
6 |
32823 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.05 [‐0.07, ‐0.02] |
| 41.2 LCn3 ‐ < 50% of control group on statins |
15 |
3871 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.08, 0.10] |
| 41.3 LCn3 ‐ use of statins unclear |
7 |
587 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.03 [‐0.27, 0.22] |
| 42 Triglycerides, fasting, serum, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 |
25 |
35579 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.24 [‐0.31, ‐0.16] |
| 43 TG, fasting, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by summary risk of bias |
25 |
35579 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.23 [‐0.30, ‐0.16] |
| 43.1 Low risk of bias |
8 |
14654 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.17 [‐0.25, ‐0.09] |
| 43.2 Moderate/high risk of bias |
17 |
20925 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.25 [‐0.35, ‐0.15] |
| 44 TG, fasting, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by compliance and study size |
19 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 44.1 SA ‐ low risk of compliance bias |
12 |
3306 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.26 [‐0.36, ‐0.16] |
| 44.2 SA ‐ 100+ randomised |
18 |
35197 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.24 [‐0.32, ‐0.16] |
| 45 TG, fasting, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by dose |
25 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 45.1 LCn3 ≤ 150 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 45.2 LCn3 > 150 ≤ 250 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 45.3 LCn3 > 250 ≤ 400 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 45.4 LCn3 > 400 ≤ 2400 mg/d |
18 |
34388 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.18 [‐0.25, ‐0.11] |
| 45.5 LCn3 > 2.4 ≤ 4.4 g/d |
5 |
1107 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.36 [‐0.53, ‐0.20] |
| 45.6 LCn3 > 4.4 g/d |
2 |
84 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.41 [‐0.68, ‐0.14] |
| 46 TG, fasting, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by replacement |
25 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 46.1 N‐3 replacing SFA |
2 |
429 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.27 [‐0.59, 0.04] |
| 46.2 N‐3 replacing MUFA |
13 |
14634 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.18 [‐0.25, ‐0.10] |
| 46.3 N‐3 replacing n‐6 |
5 |
876 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.27 [‐0.45, ‐0.08] |
| 46.4 N‐3 replacing carbs/sugars |
1 |
258 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.5 [‐1.49, 0.49] |
| 46.5 N‐3 replacing nil/low n‐3 placebo |
4 |
19357 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.18 [‐0.51, 0.14] |
| 46.6 Replacement unclear |
2 |
454 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.38 [‐0.57, ‐0.19] |
| 47 TG, fasting, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by intervention type |
25 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 47.1 Dietary advice |
1 |
71 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.02 [‐0.36, 0.40] |
| 47.2 Supplemental foods |
1 |
1210 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.03 [‐0.15, 0.09] |
| 47.3 Supplement (capsule) |
22 |
34137 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.19 [‐0.38, ‐0.00] |
| 47.4 Any combination |
1 |
161 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.28, 0.30] |
| 48 TG, fasting, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by duration |
25 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 48.1 Medium duration 1 to < 2 years in study |
13 |
1880 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.27 [‐0.36, ‐0.19] |
| 48.2 Medium‐long duration: 2 to < 4 years in study |
9 |
2310 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.16 [‐0.31, ‐0.02] |
| 48.3 Long duration ≥ 4 years in study |
3 |
31389 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.20 [‐0.32, ‐0.07] |
| 49 TG, fasting, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by primary or secondary prevention |
25 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 49.1 Primary prevention |
17 |
33114 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.20 [‐0.26, ‐0.14] |
| 49.2 Secondary prevention |
8 |
2465 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.27 [‐0.44, ‐0.10] |
| 50 TG, fasting, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by statin use |
25 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 50.1 LCn3 ‐ ≥ 50% of control group on statins |
5 |
32557 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.11 [‐0.21, ‐0.01] |
| 50.2 LCn3 ‐ < 50% of control group on statins |
14 |
2414 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.27 [‐0.36, ‐0.18] |
| 50.3 LCn3 ‐ use of statins unclear |
6 |
608 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.23 [‐0.38, ‐0.08] |
| 51 High‐density lipoprotein, serum, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 |
27 |
37237 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.02 [0.00, 0.04] |
| 52 HDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by summary risk of bias |
27 |
37237 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.03 [0.01, 0.05] |
| 52.1 Low risk of bias |
8 |
14892 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.03 [‐0.01, 0.07] |
| 52.2 Moderate/high risk of bias |
19 |
22345 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.03 [0.00, 0.06] |
| 53 HDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by compliance and study size |
20 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 53.1 SA ‐ low risk of compliance bias |
13 |
3202 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.05 [0.01, 0.10] |
| 53.2 SA ‐ 100+ randomised |
15 |
36573 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.03 [0.00, 0.05] |
| 54 HDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by dose |
27 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 54.1 LCn3 ≤ 150 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 54.2 LCn3 > 150 ≤ 250 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 54.3 LCn3 > 250 ≤ 400 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 54.4 LCn3 > 400 ≤ 2400 mg/d |
19 |
35972 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.02 [‐0.00, 0.04] |
| 54.5 LCn3 > 2.4 ≤ 4.4 g/d |
7 |
1206 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.06 [0.00, 0.12] |
| 54.6 LCn3 > 4.4 g/d |
1 |
59 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [‐0.16, 0.16] |
| 55 HDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by replacement |
27 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 55.1 N‐3 replacing SFA |
3 |
2143 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.02 [‐0.10, 0.07] |
| 55.2 N‐3 replacing MUFA |
15 |
16505 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.02 [‐0.01, 0.06] |
| 55.3 N‐3 replacing n‐6 |
4 |
850 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.04 [‐0.01, 0.09] |
| 55.4 N‐3 replacing carbs/sugars |
1 |
258 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.10 [‐0.17, 0.37] |
| 55.5 N‐3 replacing nil/low n‐3 placebo |
5 |
19431 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.04 [‐0.03, 0.11] |
| 55.6 Replacement unclear |
2 |
193 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.05 [‐0.10, 0.20] |
| 56 HDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by intervention type |
27 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 56.1 Dietary advice |
2 |
1785 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.02, 0.04] |
| 56.2 Supplemental foods |
1 |
1210 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.03 [0.00, 0.06] |
| 56.3 Supplement (capsule) |
21 |
34008 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.03 [0.00, 0.06] |
| 56.4 Any combination |
3 |
234 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.10 [‐0.10, 0.31] |
| 57 HDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by duration |
27 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 57.1 Medium duration 1 to < 2 years in study |
13 |
1562 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.08 [0.01, 0.14] |
| 57.2 Medium‐long duration: 2 to < 4 years in study |
11 |
4286 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.02 [‐0.01, 0.04] |
| 57.3 Long duration ≥ 4 years in study |
3 |
31389 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.00 [‐0.01, 0.01] |
| 58 HDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by primary or secondary prevention |
26 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 58.1 Primary prevention |
17 |
32856 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.03 [‐0.00, 0.05] |
| 58.2 Secondary prevention |
9 |
4307 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.03 [‐0.01, 0.07] |
| 59 HDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by statin use |
27 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 59.1 LCn3 ‐ ≥ 50% of control group on statins |
7 |
32894 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.01, 0.03] |
| 59.2 LCn3 ‐ < 50% of control group on statins |
13 |
3690 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.04 [‐0.00, 0.08] |
| 59.3 LCn3 ‐ use of statins unclear |
7 |
653 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.07 [‐0.07, 0.21] |
| 60 Low‐density lipoprotein, serum, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 |
23 |
35035 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.01, 0.03] |
| 61 LDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by summary risk of bias |
23 |
35035 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.01, 0.03] |
| 61.1 Low risk of bias |
9 |
14840 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.02 [‐0.03, 0.07] |
| 61.2 Moderate/high risk of bias |
14 |
20195 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.00 [‐0.02, 0.03] |
| 62 LDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ SA by compliance and study size |
17 |
37718 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.02 [‐0.01, 0.05] |
| 62.1 SA ‐ low risk of compliance bias |
13 |
3165 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.05 [‐0.02, 0.11] |
| 62.2 SA ‐ 100+ randomised |
14 |
34553 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.02, 0.04] |
| 63 LDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by dose |
23 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 63.1 LCn3 ≤ 150 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 63.2 LCn3 > 150 ≤ 250 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 63.3 LCn3 > 250 ≤ 400 mg/d |
0 |
0 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.0 [0.0, 0.0] |
| 63.4 LCn3 > 400 ≤ 2400 mg/d |
16 |
34054 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.01, 0.02] |
| 63.5 LCn3 > 2.4 ≤ 4.4 g/d |
5 |
893 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.14, 0.15] |
| 63.6 LCn3 > 4.4 g/d |
2 |
88 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.22 [‐0.09, 0.54] |
| 64 LDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by replacement |
23 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 64.1 N‐3 replacing SFA |
2 |
429 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.17 [‐0.14, 0.47] |
| 64.2 N‐3 replacing MUFA |
14 |
14710 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.03, 0.05] |
| 64.3 N‐3 replacing n‐6 |
2 |
242 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.14 [‐0.26, 0.55] |
| 64.4 N‐3 replacing carbs/sugars |
1 |
258 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.20 [‐0.51, 0.91] |
| 64.5 N‐3 replacing nil/low n‐3 placebo |
3 |
19297 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.00 [‐0.02, 0.02] |
| 64.6 Replacement unclear |
3 |
528 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.10 [‐0.03, 0.23] |
| 65 LDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by intervention type |
23 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 65.1 Dietary advice |
1 |
71 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.08 [‐0.22, 0.38] |
| 65.2 Supplemental foods |
1 |
1124 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.02 [‐0.10, 0.06] |
| 65.3 Supplement (capsule) |
19 |
33768 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.01, 0.03] |
| 65.4 Any combination |
2 |
72 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.08 [‐0.44, 0.61] |
| 66 LDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by duration |
23 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 66.1 Medium duration 1 to < 2 years in study |
14 |
1862 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.06 [‐0.03, 0.14] |
| 66.2 Medium‐long duration: 2 to < 4 years in study |
6 |
1784 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.01 [‐0.08, 0.06] |
| 66.3 Long duration ≥ 4 years in study |
3 |
31389 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.03 [‐0.04, 0.10] |
| 67 LDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by primary or secondary prevention |
23 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 67.1 Primary prevention |
16 |
32717 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.01, 0.03] |
| 67.2 Secondary prevention |
7 |
2318 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.01 [‐0.05, 0.08] |
| 68 LDL, mmoL/L ‐ LCn3 ‐ subgroup by statin use |
23 |
|
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 68.1 LCn3 ‐ ≥ 50% of control group on statins |
7 |
32808 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.00 [‐0.02, 0.02] |
| 68.2 LCn3 ‐ < 50% of control group on statins |
9 |
1564 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.12 [0.03, 0.21] |
| 68.3 LCn3 ‐ use of statins unclear |
7 |
663 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.01 [‐0.17, 0.14] |
