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. 2018 Nov 22;20(4):525–541. doi: 10.1007/s10198-018-1015-x

Table 4.

Descriptive statistics of the covariates for control and treatment municipalities: before and after reform (with alternative definitions)

Variable Before reform (2010–2011) After reform
2012–2013 2013 only
Control Treatment Control Treatment Control Treatment
Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD) Mean (SD)
Norw_GP 0.710 (0.454) 0.705 (0.456) 0.696 (0.460) 0.696 (0.460) 0.698 (0.459) 0.689 (0.463)
Male_GP 0.668 (0.471) 0.681 (0.466) 0.649 (0.477) 0.646 (0.478) 0.646 (0.478) 0.637 (0.481)
Specialist 0.661 (0.474) 0.665 (0.472) 0.671 (0.470) 0.645 (0.478) 0.672 (0.470) 0.640 (0.480)
Age_GP 50.02 (10.06) 49.60 (10.49) 50.10 (10.47) 49.13 (10.64) 50.10 (10.56) 48.98 (10.64)
Consult_GP 3.386 (1.181) 3.436 (1.770) 3.344 (1.128) 3.383 (1.161) 3.334 (1.125) 3.338 (1.046)
Share_LC_GP 0.355 (0.184) 0.329 (0.182) 0.373 (0.185) 0.351 (0.183) 0.380 (0.186) 0.356 (0.181)
Share_Test_GP 0.578 (0.144) 0.594 (0.131) 0.589 (0.140) 0.596 (0.131) 0.588 (0.141) 0.593 (0.129)
Visist_GP 10.55 (10.15) 10.31 (10.60) 10.07 (9.594) 9.979 (10.20) 9.908 (9.334) 9.846 (9.801)
Pat_Age 51.32 (24.94) 51.84 (25.07) 52.18 (24.64) 51.95 (25.24) 52.65 (24.76) 52.24 (25.01)
Pat_Mal 0.451 (0.313) 0.437 (0.313) 0.449 (0.319) 0.443 (0.3199) 0.449 (0.319) 0.445 (0.322)
Pat_Edu1 0.333 (0.113) 0.346 (0.092) 0.319 (0.110) 0.332 (0.090) 0.315 (0.110) 0.324 (0.087)
Pat_Alone 0.308 (0.092) 0.295 (0.073) 0.309 (0.089) 0.292 (0.073) 0.310 (0.088) 0.294 (0.078)
Pat_Disable 0.155 (0.070) 0.162 (0.063) 0.153 (0.068) 0.162 (0.070) 0.157 (0.070) 0.166 (0.071)
Pat_Wage 151.6 (55.76) 139.6 (51.02) 162.0 (60.55) 151.9 (59.54) 160.1 (60.63) 150.9 (60.31)
Angina 0.134 (0.341) 0.132 (0.339) 0.131 (0.337) 0.134 (0.341) 0.131 (0.337) 0.131 (0.337)
Asthma 0.141 (0.348) 0.141 (0.348) 0.141 (0.348) 0.138 (0.345) 0.141 (0.348) 0.140 (0.347)
Kols 0.139 (0.346) 0.137 (0.344) 0.139 (0.346) 0.136 (0.343) 0.139 (0.346) 0.138 (0.345)
KrHjSvikt 0.129 (0.336) 0.139 (0.346) 0.131 (0.337) 0.130 (0.336) 0.130 (0.337) 0.129 (0.335)
Diabetes_NC 0.144 (0.351) 0.144 (0.351) 0.145 (0.352) 0.149 (0.356) 0.144 (0.352) 0.154 (0.361)
Ulcer 0.028 (0.164) 0.024 (0.153) 0.028 (0.166) 0.025 (0.156) 0.029 (0.169) 0.026 (0.159)
Atrial_F 0.145 (0.352) 0.144 (0.351) 0.145 (0.352) 0.145 (0.352) 0.145 (0.352) 0.146 (0.353)
Epilepsy 0.140 (0.347) 0.138 (0.345) 0.140 (0.347) 0.142 (0.349) 0.140 (0.347) 0.136 (0.343)