Table 7.

Effect of the establishing emergency bed capacity within primary care on ACSCs hospital admission: difference-in-differences estimates for specific diagnoses with alternative before and after reform years (cluster standard errors in municipalities are in the parentheses)

Variable	Angina	Asthma	Diabetes	COPD	Heart failure	Atrial_F	Epilepsy	Ulcer
Reform	− 0.005 (0.005)	− 0.004* (0.002)	− 0.003** (0.002)	0.022*** (0.005)	− 0.011** (0.005)	0.004 (0.007)	0.009** (0.004)	0.000 (0.003)
Treat	− 0.158*** (0.015)	0.153*** (0.008)	0.003 (0.003)	0.226*** (0.013)	0.370** (0.017)	0.012* (0.009)	0.014 (0.006)	0.068*** (0.011)
Reform × Treata	− 0.012* (0.009)	− 0.006 (0.005)	− 0.002 (0.003)	− 0.016* (0.012)	0.009 (0.008)	− 0.004 (0.010)	− 0.005 (0.006)	0.003 (0.006)
Number of observation	13,110	13,935	14,334	13,721	12,954	14,336	13,871	2715
R-squared	0.45	0.19	0.12	0.26	0.27	0.31	0.21	0.17
Reform1	− 0.004 (0.005)	− 0.004* (0.003)	− 0.005*** (0.002)	0.027*** (0.006)	− 0.012*** (0.005)	0.011** (0.006)	0.004 (0.004)	− 0.001 (0.003)
Treat	0.162*** (0.016)	0.155*** (0.008)	0.024 (0.003)	− 0.209*** (0.035)	0.025* (0.015)	− 0.298*** (0.029)	− 0.047*** (0.010)	0.005 (0.015)
Reform1 × Treatb	− 0.009 (0.011)	− 0.006 (0.007)	0.004 (0.004)	− 0.019* (0.014)	0.002 (0.008)	− 0.001 (0.010)	− 0.005 (0.006)	0.005 (0.009)
Number of observation	9816	10,427	10,724	10,263	6442	10,731	10,340	2042
R-squared	0.47	0.17	0.17	0.28	0.31	0.29	0.22	0.19

All the models are also control for the variables included in Table 4. DID coefficients (i.e. Reform × Treat/Reform1 × Treat) tested against one-sided alternatives

‘*’, ‘**’ and ‘***’ represents significance level at the 10%, 5% and 1% level respectively

^aReform = 1 if after Reform includes year 2012–2013; Reform = 0 if before Reform includes year 2010–2011. Treat = 1 if municipality implemented emergency bed by December 31, 2012

^bReform1 = 1 if after Reform includes year 2013; Reform13 = 0 if before Reform includes year 2010–2011