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. 2019 May 14;9:7330. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43433-x

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Scanning electron micrograph of V. virens hyphae. The pictures on the top are treated at 0.5 μL/L air in the fumigation activity assay. (A) Hyphae without PEOs or trans-cinnamaldehyde (control). (B–D) Hyphae treated with cinnamon bark oil, cinnamon oil and trans-cinnamaldehyde. On the bottom are treatments from the contact activity experiment at a concentration of 2 μg/mL. (a) Hyphae treated with acetone (CK). (b–d) Hyphae treated with cinnamon bark oil, cinnamon oil and trans-cinnamaldehyde. All of the magnifications are ×10,000.