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. 2019 May 14;10:2149. doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09845-z

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 5 — DFT calculation. Mechanism of OER on (a) W-doped Ni(OH)₂ and (b) bare Ni(OH)₂catalyst based on DFT calculations, in which red, white, green, and blue atoms represent the oxygen, hydrogen, nickel, and tungsten atoms, respectively. Note that the symbols of “ + ” and “−” represent endothermic and exothermic free energy. For the step from State 6 to State 1, 1.0 eV, and 0.4 eV endothermic free energy values were required for the doped and bare samples, respectively, where these free energy changes are not shown above