Table 1.

IFN-I response in bacterial infections.

Bacteria	Mechanism of IFN-I induction and effects on host	References
Ehrlichia	Trigger IFN-I responses through MyD88 and other unidentified receptor(s). IFN-I block autophagy and induce activation of the caspase-11-dependent non-canonical inflammasome pathway. By engaging caspase-11, Ehrlichia trigger pyroptosis in macrophages and induce assembly of the NLRP3 inflammasome or other yet unidentified inflammasomes that activate caspase-1 and IL-1β/IL-18 secretion.	(63)
Brucella abortus	IFN-I induction required STING- and MyD88- dependent signals.	(124)
Coxiella burnetii	Induction of IFN-I is mediated through TLR7/9, RIG-1 and NOD1 and NOD2, and signaling via MyD88 and IRF7.	(118, 125, 126)
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium	Induction of IFN-I occurs by binding of LPS and nucleic acids to TLR4/TLR3 with signaling via TRIF pathway.	(127)
Francisella tularensis	IFN-I induce GBPs and activate AIM2 inflammasome leading to pyroptosis in macrophage and removal of replicative niche.	(128, 129)