Table 2.

Rate of HTLV-1 mother-to-child transmission according to the duration of breastfeeding.

References	Country	HTLV-1 MTCT rate
		No Breastfeeding	Short-term breastfeeding	Long-term breastfeeding	Freeze-thawed milk
Paiva et al., 2018	Brazil		4.8% (<12 m)	23.8% (>12 m)
Ureta-Vidal et al., 1999	French Guyana	2.5% (0-3 m)	5.9% (4-6 m)	7% (7-9 m)
				10.3% (10-12 m)
				12.9% (>12 m)
Wiktor et al., 1997	Jamaica		9% (<6 m)	32% (>6 m)
Wiktor et al., 1993	Jamaica		7% (<6 m)	21% (>6 m)
Hino, 2011	Japan	2.5%	7.4% (<6 m)	20.3% (>6 m)
Ando et al., 2004	Japan				0%
Ando et al., 2003	Japan				4.60%
Hino et al., 1996	Japan		6% (<6 m)	13.7% (>6 m)
				15.7% (>12 m)
Oki et al., 1992	Japan		4.5% (<7 m)	14% ( > 7 m)
Oki et al., 1992	Japan	5.6%	3.8% (<7 m)	25% (>7 m)
Takahashi et al., 1991	Japan	5.7%	4.4% (<6 m)	14.4% (>7 m)

m, months.