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. 2019 May 14;9:7354. doi: 10.1038/s41598-019-43669-7

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© The Author(s) 2019

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Representative normalized force curves between different biomaterial-coated probes and living cells: (a) approach curves in logarithmic scale and (b) retraction curves on WA07 cells; (c) approach curves in logarithmic scale and (d) retraction curves on HepG2 cells. The retraction curves were recorded after 30 s contact time between cells and probes. Force values were normalized by the probe radius R (Table S2).