Table 1.
Ticks Associated with Human Tularemia.
| Tick species | Host preferencea | Preferred habitat | Transmit Ft?b | Ft subspeciesC | Transovarial transmission?C | Transstadial transmission?C | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Amblyomma americanum (lone star tick) | Humans (L,N,A); small&large animals (N&L); large animals (A) | Woodlands | Yes (Exp&Nat) | Type B | No | Yes | (Calhoun, 1954; Mani et al., 2015; Sonenshine, 2018; Raghavan et al., 2019) |
| Dermacentor andersoni (Rocky Mountain wood tick) | Rodents, rarely humans (L&N), large mammals, humans (A) | Shrubs, tall grasses, and lightly wooded areas | Yes (Exp&Nat) | Type A | Yes | Yes | (Parker et al., 1924); (Mather, 2005; Sonenshine, 2018) |
| Dermacentor occidentalis (Pacific coast tick) | Small rodents and mammals (L&N), humans (N&A); large animals (A) | Shrubs | Yes (Nat) | Unk | Unk | Unk | (Parker et al., 1929); (Mather, 2005) |
| Dermacentor reticulatus (ornate cow tick) | Small mammals (L&N); medium mammals, sometimes humans (N); medium-large mammals, humans (A) | River basins, vegetation | Yes (Nat) | Type B | No | Unk | (Genchi et al., 2015; Földvári et al., 2016) |
| Dermacentor variabilis (American dog tick) | Host-specific (N&L); small mammals (L&N); small-medium mammals, humans (A) | Vegetation, tall grasses | Yes (Exp&Nat) | Type A&B | No | Yes | (Goethert et al., 2004; Mather, 2005; Mani et al., 2012; Sonenshine, 2018) |
| Ixodes ricinus (castor bean tick) | Humans (L,N,A); small-medium animals, mostly rodents (L); mostly birds and rodents (N); large animals (A) | Shrubs, tall grasses, deciduous woodlands | Yes (Nat) | Type B | No | Unk | (Genchi et al., 2015; Sonenshine, 2018; Sprong et al., 2018; Wilson and Elston, 2018) |
a
L, larvae; N, nymph; A, adult.
b
Exp, experimental; Nat, natural.
c
Unk, unknown.