Table 5.
Comparison of dietary lead exposure in Guangzhou with other data from the total diet study.
| Country | Population Group | Mean Exposure (μg/kg bw/day) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|
| China (Guangzhou) | 3–6 years | 0.7466 | Present study |
| 7–17 years | 0.4739 | ||
| 18–59 years | 0.3759 | ||
| ≥60 years | 0.4031 | ||
| Overall population | 0.4033 | ||
| Canada (Ontario) | Adult | 0.21 | Juric et al. (2018) |
| China (Shenzhen) | Adult | 0.59–0.73 a | Pan et al. (2016) |
| Eastern Poland | Young adult | 0.79 | Koch et al. (2016) |
| China (Hong Kong) | Adult | 0.21 | Chen et al. (2014) |
| Serbia | Adult | 1.03 | Skrbic et al. (2013) |
| Korea | Overall population | 0.183 | Koh et al. (2012) |
| China | 2–7 years | 2.54 | Li et al. (2012) |
| 8–12 years | 2.50 | ||
| 13–19 years | 1.75 | ||
| 20–50 years | 1.73 | ||
| 51–65 years | 1.54 | ||
| >65 years | 1.52 | ||
| European countries | Children | 0.96 b | EFSA (2012) |
| Adolescent | 0.55 | ||
| Adult | 0.50 | ||
| Elderly | 0.49 | ||
| Overall population | 0.68 | ||
| France | Children | 0.27 | Arnich et al. (2012) |
| Adult | 0.2 | ||
| Australian | 2–5 years | 0.27 c | FSANZ (2011) |
| 6–12 years | 0.18 | ||
| 13–16 years | 0.12 | ||
| ≥17 years | 0.13 | ||
| United Kingdom | Adult | 0.09–0.10 a | Rose et al. (2010) |
| Lebanon | Adult | 0.11 | Nasreddine et al. (2010) |
| Italy (Pavia) | Adult | 0.85 | Turconi et al. (2009) |
a Exposure data of lower and upper bound estimates are presented as a range based on assigning zero and the LOD, respectively, to instances of non-detection. b Dietary exposure based on the middle bound mean lead occurrence. c Using the median concentration of Pb and assigning 0 to instances of non-detection. EFSA: European Food Safety Authority.