Table 3.
Comparison of Dog Owners (N = 20) versus Non-Dog Owners (N = 36) and Zero-Order Correlations with Depression.
| Variables | Dog Owners (N = 20) Mean (SD) | Non-Dog Owners (N = 36) Mean (SD) | Correlation with Depression (N = 56) |
|---|---|---|---|
| NPI Pain Severity (Range = 0–10) |
6.40 (1.67) | 7.00 (1.45) | 0.34 * |
| Physical Functioning (Range = 0–100) a | 56.95 (11.23) | 56.81 (15.42) | 0.32 * |
| Pain Intensity (Range = 0–5) | 3.65 (0.93) | 3.74 (0.95) | 0.26 |
| Pain Walking (Range = 0–5) | 2.65 (0.93) | 2.94 (0.92) | 0.38 * |
| Days of Poor Physical Health (Range = 0–31) | 19.56 (10.66) | 18.81 (11.72) | 0.29 * |
| Loneliness (Range = 1–5) | 2.81 (1.38) | 3.32 (1.51) | 0.64 ** |
| Companionship (Range = 1–5) | 3.62 (1.15) | 2.99 (1.27) * | −0.49 ** |
| Emotional Support(Range = 1–5) | 3.64 (0.98) | 3.24 (1.26) | −0.59 ** |
| Depression (Range = 1–5) | 2.14 (0.79) | 2.73 (1.10) ** |
* Significant at the 0.05 level; ** significant at the 0.01 level; a A score of 41%–60% on the Modified Oswestry Low Back Pain Questionnaire indicates “severe disability” where daily living activities are affected by pain.