Table 1.
Characteristics of the included cohort studies.
| Study | Country | Study Design | Number of Patients | Drug Name | Dose (mg) | Prevalence of CP | Age (mean ± SD, year) | Sex (men, %) | TGs in Dialysate (mean ± SD, mg/dL) | TGs in Serum (mean ± SD, mg/dl) | Duration of PD Treatment (mean ± SD, months) | Time-to-Onset of CP (mean ± SD, days) | Result of Withdrawal | Result of Rechallenge | QA Score (0–7) a | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| T | Non-T | T | Non-T | T | Non-T | T | Non-T | T | Non-T | |||||||||||
| Hsiao 2010 [21] | Taiwan | P | 40 | Lercanidipine | 5 | 22.5% (9/40) | 39.4 ± 14.3 | 47.5 ± 12.5 | 44.4 | 38.7 | 19.3 ± 6.3 | 0 | 123 ± 43 | 151 ± 52 | 33 ± 21 | 39 ± 24 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | Dialysate clear within 24 h | Cloudy again | 5 |
| Yang 2008 [23] | Taiwan | R | 14 | Lercanidipine | - | 57.14% (8/14) | 52.6 ± 18.5 | 46.0 ± 10.8 | 62.5 | 33.3 | 128.4 | 6.5 | 218.0 ± 176.6 | 115.8 ± 3.2 | 20.4 ± 21.6 | 33.6 ± 24 | 38.5 ± 60.8 | Dialysate clear within 24 h | Cloudy again | 6 |
| Topal 2006 b [22] | Turkey | R | 23 | Lercanidipine | 5 | 13.04% (3/23) | 45.3 ± 17.6 | 39.1 | - | - | 15.9±11.6 | 1 | - | - | 3 | |||||
| Yoshimoto 1998 [11] | Japan | R | 251 | Various CCBs c | - | 7.57% (19/251) | 55 ± 17 | 50 ± 12 | 52.6 | 67.7 | - | - | - | - | Dialysate clear | Cloudy again | 4 | |||
a The quality of the studies was assessed using a modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale comprising of seven items, each scoring either 1 or zero point (Table S3). b This study uncovered the following characteristics of the entire study sample: mean age 45.3 years, 39.1% male (n = 9) and duration of PD treatment 15.9 months. c CCBs (number of CCB-treated patients with chyloperitoneum versus total number of CCB-treated patients) included in the study were manidipine (15/36), benidipine (2/2), nisoldipine (1/11), nifedipine (1/159), nitrendipine (0/2), nilvadipine (0/7), nicardipine (0/25), barnidipine (0/1) and diltiazem (0/8). Abbreviation: CCB, calcium channel blocker; CP, chyloperitoneum; PD, peritoneal dialysis; P, prospective; QA, quality assessment; R, retrospective; SD, standard deviation; T, turbid; TGs, triglycerides.