Table 2.
Characteristics of the included case series and case report studies.
| Study | Country | Study Design | Number of Patients | Drug Name | Dose | Age | Sex | TGs in Dialysate (mg/dL) | TGs in Serum (mg/dL) | Duration of PD Treatment | Time-to-Onset of CP | Result of Withdrawal | Result of Rechallenge | Causality a |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Betancourt 2013 [24] | Spain | Case series | 4 | Manidipine | - | 60 y | M | 52 | - | 2 mo | - | Dialysate clear | - | Probable |
| Verapamil | - | 41 y | M | 9 | - | 4 mo | - | Dialysate clear | - | Probable | ||||
| Manidipine | - | 70 y | F | 745 | - | 4 d | - | Dialysate clear | - | Probable | ||||
| Manidipine | - | 52 y | M | 452 | - | 5 mo | - | Dialysate clear | - | Probable | ||||
| Nicotera 2018 [33] | Italy | Case report | 1 | Lercanidipine | 20 mg | 53 y | - | 150 | - | 2 y | - | Dialysate clear immediately | - | Probable |
| Gupta 2016 [13] | India | Case report | 1 | Amlodipine | 5 mg | 65 y | M | 293.8 | 88.4 | 8 d | 3 d | Dialysate clear within 24 h | Not-rechallenged | Probable |
| Moreiras 2014 [32] | Spain | Case report | 1 | Lercanidipine | 5 mg | 59 y | F | 20 | 182 | - | 3 d | Dialysate clear within 24 h | Cloudy again | Certain (or definite) |
| Mallett 2012 [34] | Northern Ireland | Case report | 1 | Amlodipine | 0.6 mg/kg | 7 mo | M | 57.5 | 164.6 | 5 mo | 2 d | Dialysate clear before withdrawal b | TG slightly increased in dialysate | Probable |
| Ram 2012 [31] | India | Case report | 1 | Diltiazem | - | 55y | M | 61 | 134 | - | - | Dialysate clear after 1 d | Cloudy again | Certain (or definite) |
| Lopez 2011 [12] | Spain | Case report | 1 | Manidipine (from nifedipine OROS) | - | 44 y | F | 119 | 76 | - | 1 d | Dialysate clear within 24 h | - | Probable |
| Tsao 2009 [30] | Taiwan | Case report | 1 | Lercanidipine | 10 mg | 41 y | F | 251 | - | 2 wk | 3 d | Dialysate clear within 24 h | Cloudy again | Certain (or definite) |
| Roh 1999 [29] | Korea | Case report | 1 | Manidipine | 40 mg | 47 y | M | 28 | 111 | 9 d | 1 d | Dialysate clear after 1 d | Not-rechallenged | Probable |
| Tsurusaki 1995 [28] | Japan | Case report | 1 | Manidipine | 20 mg | 36 y | M | 27.2 | - | 32 mo | 4 d | Dialysate clear within 24 h | - | Probable |
| Fujii 1995 [27] | Japan | Case report | 1 | Manidipine | 10 mg | 58 y | M | 26 | - | 2 mo | 3 d | Dialysate clear within 24 h | - | Probable |
| Kato 1994 [26] | Japan | Case report | 1 | Manidipine | 40 mg (From 20 mg) | 51 y | F | 29 | 121 | 4 mo | 1 d | Dialysate clear within 12 h | - | Probable |
| Atsuko 1993 [25] | Japan | Case report | 1 | Manidipine | 20 mg | 44 y | M | 24 | 81 | 6 mo | 8 h | Dialysate clear within 1 d | Cloudy again | Certain (or definite) |
a Causality was assessed by the World Health Organization-Uppsala Monitoring Centre criteria and the Naranjo scale and subdivided into four categories: certain/definite, probable, possible and unlikely/doubtful. b The dialysate visibly cleared up, and triglycerides level in the dialysate normalised before withdrawal of the suspected CCB because dietary management of chyloperitoneum was initiated. Abbreviation: CP, chyloperitoneum; d, day(s); F, female; M, male; mo, months; OROS, osmotic-controlled release oral delivery system; PD, peritoneal dialysis; TGs, triglycerides; wk, weeks; y, years.