Table 3.
Descriptive statistics on adherence to individual and multiple lifestyle behaviours among cancer survivors (with and without skin cancer), compared with controls.
| Lifestyle Behaviours | Controls (n = 4415) |
Cancer Survivors Including Skin Cancer | Pa | Cancer Survivors Excluding Skin Cancer | Pb | All Cancer Cases (Long-Term and Recent Survivors) | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Long-Term Freq., (%) | Recent Freq., (%) | Long-Term Freq., (%) | Recent Freq., (%) | Incl. Skin Cancer Survivors Freq., (%) | Pc | Excl. Skin Cancer Survivors Freq., (%) | Pd | ||||
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | |||||||||||
| <18.5 Kg/m2 8.5–24.9 Kg/m2 25 kg/m2–29.9 Kg/m2 ≥30 kg/m2 Met the recommendation Not met the recommendation |
44 (1.2) 1254 (34.1) 1267 (34.5) 1111 (30.2) |
19 (1.4) 485 (35.0) 461 (33.9) 434 (29.7) |
17 (2.1) 317 (38.7 )281 (30.7) 286 (28.4) |
0.312 | 4 (1.3) 86 (28.1) 97 (31.7) 119 (38.9) |
6 (2.4) 89 (35.0) 71 (28.0) 88 (34.7) |
0.066 | 36 (1.6) 802 (34.9) 742 (32.2) 720 (31.3) |
0.530 | 10 (1.7) 175 (31.3) 168 (30.0) 207 (39.9) |
0.130 |
| 1254 (34.1) 2422 (65.9) |
485 (34.9) 914 (65.1) |
317 (38.7) 584 (61.3) |
0.156 | 86 (28.1) 220 (71.9) |
89 (35.0) 165 (65.0) |
0.027 * | 802 (34.8) 1498 (65.2) |
0.796 | 175 (31.2) 385 (68.8) |
0.544 | |
| Physical activity | |||||||||||
| ≤40 MET/week 40–600 MET /week 600–1200 MET/week ≥1200 MET/week Sufficient (≥600 MET/week) Insufficient (<600 MET/week) |
752 (19.3) 888 (22.8) 754 (19.4) 1502 (38.5) |
284 (18.6) 323 (22.1) 314 (21.2) 544 (38.1) |
191 (17.7) 190 (21.1) 198 (19.7) 363 (41.5) |
0.633 | 78 (24.1) 78 (24.1) 71 (21.9) 97 (29.9) |
62 (23.5) 62 (23.5) 53 (20.2) 86 (32.7) |
0.856 | 475 (19.7) 513 (21.3) 512 (21.3) 907 (37.7) |
0.848 | 140 (23.8) 140 (23.8) 124 (21.1) 183 (31.2) |
0.204 |
| 2256 (57.9) 1640 (42.1) |
858 (59.3) 607 (40.7) |
561 (61.2) 381 (38.8) |
0.463 | 168 (51.8) 156 (48.2) |
139 (52.8) 124 (47.2) |
0.820 | 1,419 (58.9) 988 (41.1) |
0.685 | 307 (52.3) 280 (47.7) |
0.078 | |
| Smoking | |||||||||||
| Not smoke at all (met the recommendation) | 3630 (94.6) | 1381 (94.8) | 888 (95.4) | 0.959 | 302 (94.1) | 243 (93.5) | 0.467 | 2,269 (95.1) | 0.246 | 545 (93.8) | 0.311 |
| Smoke; daily, weekly or monthly (not met the recommendation) | 207 (5.4) | 75 (5.2) | 43 (4.6) | 19 (5.9) | 17 (6.5) | 118 (4.9) | 36 (6.2) | ||||
| Fruit consumption | |||||||||||
| <2 pieces per day≥2 pieces per day | 1356 (35.0) 2517 (65.0) |
505 (34.6) 953 (65.4) |
346 (37.0) 589 (63.0) |
0.181 | 113 (35.0) 210 (65.0) |
101 (38.5) 161 (61.5) |
0.250 | 851 (35.6) 1542 (64.4) |
0.261 | 214 (36.5) 371 (63.4) |
0.231 |
| Vegetable consumption | |||||||||||
| <5 serving per day≥5 serving per day | 3312 (85.6) 558 (14.4) |
1236 (84.7) 223 (15.3) |
800 (85.6) 135 (14.4) |
0.621 | 284 (87.9) 39 (12.1) |
223 (85.1) 39 (14.9) |
0.897 | 2036 (85.1) 358 (14.9) |
0.839 | 507 (86.6) 78 (13.3) |
0.217 |
| Fruit and vegetable | |||||||||||
| <5 serving F&V per/day Not met both recommendations Met at least one recommendation ≥5 serving F&V per day |
3460 (89.4) 1207 (34.9) 2253 (65.1) 409 (10.6) |
1292 (88.6) 449 (30.8) 843 (57.8) 166 (11.4) |
830 (88.7) 316 (33.8) 514 (55.0) 105 (11.3) |
0.569 | 296 (91.6) 101 (34.1) 195 (65.9) 27 (8.4) |
229 (87.4) 95 (41.5) 134 (58.5) 33 (12.6) |
0.582 | 2,122 (88.7) 765 (36.1) 1357 (63.9) 271 (11.3) |
0.935 | 525 (89.7) 196 (37.3) 329 (62.7) 60 (10.3) |
0.360 |
| Alcohol | |||||||||||
| Never drink (current and ever) 1–2 SD per day >2 SD per day Met the recommendation Not met the recommendation |
629 (16.7) 2710 (71.8) 434 (11.5) |
249 (17.5) 1012 (71.0) 164 (11.5) |
169 (18.5) 649 (71.1) 95 (10.4) |
0.237 | 64 (20.5) 215 (68.7) 34 (10.9) |
42 (16.5) 190 (74.5) 23 (9.1) |
0.733 | 418 (17.9) 1661 (71.0) 259 (11.1) |
0.699 | 106 (18.6) 405 (71.3) 57 (10.0) |
0.701 |
| 3339 (88.5) 434 (11.5) |
1261 (88.5) 164 (11.5) |
818 (89.6) 95 (10.4) |
0.402 | 279 (89.1) 34 (10.9) |
232 (90.9) 23 (9.1) |
0.480 | 2079 (88.9) 259 (11.1) |
0.427 | 511 (89.9) 57 (10.0) |
0.719 | |
| Sugar drinks | |||||||||||
| Never drink Drink at least once in a month |
2947 (76.7) 896 (23.3) |
1124 (77.3) 331 (22.7) |
688 (74.3) 238 (25.7) |
0.083 | 233 (72.2) 90 (27.8) |
181 (69.1) 81 (30.9) |
0.380 | 1812 (76.1) 569 (23.9) |
0.197 | 414 (70.7) 171 (29.3) |
0.001 * |
| Multiple behaviours | |||||||||||
| ≤1 behaviour 2–3 behaviours 4 behaviours 5–6 behaviours |
134 (3.3) 1713 (44.0) 1254 (32.3) 795 (20.4) |
41 (2.8) 619 (42.3) 484 (33.0) 321 (21.9) |
28 (2.9) 405 (42.9) 305 (32.4) 204 (21.6) |
0.640 | 10 (3.1) 165 (50.9) 103 (31.8) 46 (14.2) |
8 (3.0) 131 (49.8) 76 (28.9) 48 (18.2) |
0.395 | 69 (2.8) 1024 (42.5) 789 (32.8) 525 (21.8) |
0.571 | 18 (3.1) 296 (50.4) 179 (30.5) 94 (16.0) |
0.031 * |
Pa:p-value for comparing between long-term and recent cancer survivors including skin cancer; Pb:p-value for comparing between long-term and recent cancer survivors excluding skin cancer; Pc:p-value for comparing all cancer cases (including skin cancer) against the control group (cancer-free population); Pd:p-value for comparing all cancer cases (excluding skin cancer survivors) against the control group.