Table 2.
Zonulin concentrations (ZON) (ng/mL) in the blood and stool of mothers and newborns, with correlations.
| Umbilical-Cord Blood | Meconium | Newborn Stool | Maternal Stool | Maternal Blood | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Concentration (ng/mL) | |||||
|
ZON
Median (range) |
n = 79 | n = 52 | n = 68 | n = 29 | n = 78 |
| 11.14 (5.82–52.34) |
54.15 (1.36–700.65) |
114.41 (29.38–593.72) |
82.23 (42.52–225.74) |
21.39 (6.39–57.54) |
|
| Differences and correlations | |||||
| Umbilical-cord blood | x | n = 43 | n = 57 | n = 29 vs. n = 79 | n = 79 vs. n = 78 |
|
p < 0.00001 † (r = 0.70) |
p < 0.00001 † (r = 0.87) |
p < 0.00001 ‡ (r = −0.76) |
p < 0.00001 ‡ (r = −0.55) |
||
| Meconium | n = 43 | x | n = 36 | n = 52 vs. n = 39 | n = 52 vs. n = 78 |
| R = −0.07 p = 0.640 |
p = 0.0002 † (r = 0.61) |
p = 0.003 ‡ (r = −0.33) |
p = 0.000002 ‡ (r = 0.42) |
||
| Newborn stool | n = 57 | n = 36 | x | n = 29 vs. n = 68 | n = 68 vs. n = 78 |
| R = −0.08 p = 0.564 |
R = 0.31 p = 0.063 |
p = 0.026 ‡ (r = 0.23) |
p < 0.00001 ‡ (r = 0.86) |
||
| Maternal stool | n = 20 | n = 14 | n = 18 | x | n = 23 |
| R = 0.27 p = 0.257 |
R = −0.42 p = 0.140 |
R = 0.12 p = 0.636 |
p = 0.00002 (r = 0.88) † |
||
| Maternal blood | n = 68 | n = 45 | n = 52 | n = 23 | x |
| R = 0.27 p = 0.025 |
R = −0.12 p = 0.439 |
R = −0.39 p = 0.004 |
R = 0.18 p = 0.398 |
||
R: correlation coefficient, p: statistical significance, r: effect size, ‡ Mann–Whitney test, † signed rank Wilcoxon test.