Table 7.
Effects of antibiotic therapy on zonulin (ZON, ng/mL) and calprotectin (CALP, μg/mL) concentrations.
| Antibiotic Therapy During Delivery and Delivery Method; Median (Range) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | NAMP | CC | p/r | |
| ZON in the mother’s serum | n = 17 | n = 13 | n = 45 | 0.980/0.0005 |
| 20.58 (12.07–28.66) | 21.37 (12.70–44.90) | 21.95 (6.39–57.54) | ||
| ZON in umbilical cord blood | n = 15 | n = 12 | n = 48 | 0.078/0.07 |
| 14.77 (6.34–30.20) | 12.92 (7.48–22.15) | 10.68 (5.82–52.34) | ||
| ZON in maternal stool | n = 6 | n = 6 | n = 17 | 0.357/0.07 |
| 110.67 (54.54–225.74) | 93.94 (72.96–149.01) | 80.11 (42.52–208.20) | ||
| ZON in meconium | n = 10 | n = 10 | n = 28 | 0.268/0.06 |
| 81.13 (1.93–181.82) | 23.01 (3.77–309.20) | 60.63 (1.36–700.65) | ||
|
ZON in newborn stool |
n = 12 | n = 13 | n = 39 | 0.005 †/0.17 |
| 85.70 (52.84–173.40) | 88.24 (29.38–323.93) | 142.46 (0.97–593.72) | ||
| CALP in maternal stool | n = 6 | n = 2 | n = 13 | 0.334/0.11 |
| 46.35 (13.26–98.75) | 73.10 (26.95–119.25) | 83.47 (3.89–211.77) | ||
| CALP in meconium | n = 12 | n = 12 | n = 48 | 0.734/0.009 |
| 128.54 (32.39–570.49) | 157.59 (20.28–737.25) | 169.73 (6.93–884.11) | ||
| CALP newborn stool | n = 15 | n = 11 | n = 42 | 0.333/0.03 |
| 64.15 (35.76–530.60) | 165.63 (56.38–235.59) | 139.12 (11.8–627.35) | ||
† N vs. CC 0.027, NAMP vs. CC 0.030, N vs. NAMP 1.0—post hoc analysis; N—vaginal birth without antibiotic, NAMP—vaginal birth and prophylactic treatment with ampicillin, CC—caesarean section and application of cefazolin.