Table 1.
Socio-demographic characteristics (n and %), mean scores in the Intrapartal-Specific Quality from the Patient’s Perspective Questionnaire (QPP-I)scale, and statistical associations at each time point when the questionnaire was delivered.
| Characteristic | n (%) (n = 248) | Mean Three Days (SD) | p | n (%) (n = 90) | Mean 15 days (SD) | p | n (%) (n = 83) | Mean one year (SD) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age ranges (years) ** | 0.52 | 0.74 | * | 0.54 | |||||
| 18–25 | 20 (8.1) | 3.52 (0.42) | 2 (2.2) | 3.70 (0.22) | 1 (1.2) | 3.03 (-) | |||
| 26–35 | 169 (68.1) | 3.43 (0.43) | 68 (75.6) | 3.38 (0.54) | 59 (71.1) | 3.26 (0.63) | |||
| 36–45 | 59 (23.8) | 3.36 (0.52) | 20 (22.2) | 3.45 (0.42) | 23 (27.7) | 3.22 (0.48) | |||
| Mean 32.35 (4.85) | 32.20 (3.8) | 33.02 (4.2) | |||||||
| Place of birth * | 0.016 | 0.67 | 0.40 | ||||||
| Spain | 215 (86.7) | 3.39 (0.45) | 79 (87.8) | 3.41 (0.51) | 75 (90.4) | 3.23 (0.59) | |||
| Foreigner | 33 (13.3) | 3.56 (0.44) | 11 (12.2) | 3.36 (0.52) | 8 (9.6) | 3.38 (0.62) | |||
| Marital status * | 0.15 | 0.67 | 0.99 | ||||||
| Married | 191 (77) | 3.43 (0.46) | 74 (82.2) | 3.39 (0.51) | 65 (78.3) | 3.25 (0.60) | |||
| Single | 57 (23) | 3.35 (0.42) | 16 (17.8) | 3.46 (0.48) | 18 (21.7) | 3.26 (0.57) | |||
| Level of education * | 0.022 | 0.25 | 0.048 | ||||||
| Primary and Secondary | 79 (31.9) | 3.51 (0.40) | 25 (27.8) | 3.53 (0.35) | 20 (24.1) | 3.45 (0.60) | |||
| Higher Education | 169 (68.1) | 3.37 (0.46) | 65 (72.2) | 3.35 (0.55) | 63 (75.9) | 3.18 (0.57) | |||
| Parous * | 0.65 | 0.97 | 0.58 | ||||||
| Primiparous | 122 (49.2) | 3.43 (0.43) | 44 (48.9) | 3.39 (0.56) | 40 (48.2) | 3.20 (0.64) | |||
| Multiparous | 126 (50.8) | 3.39 (0.48) | 46 (51.1) | 3.42 (0.45) | 43 (51.8) | 3.29 (0.54) | |||
| Gestational age * | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.54 | ||||||
| To term | 239 (96.4) | 3.41 (0.45) | 84 (93.3) | 3.42 (0.52) | 80 (96.4) | 3.25 (0.60) | |||
| Preterm | 9 (3.6) | 3.13 (0.37) | 6 (6.7) | 3.20 (0.32) | 3 (3.6) | 3.15 (0.23) | |||
| Type of feeding * | 0.31 | 0.07 | 0.89 | ||||||
| Breastfeeding | 185 (74.6) | 3.43 (0.44) | 70 (77.8) | 3.44 (0.50) | 63 (75.9) | 3.26 (0.57) | |||
| Formula/Mixed | 63 (25.4) | 3.37 (0.46) | 20 (22.2) | 3.26 (0.52) | 20 (24.1) | 3.20 (0.64) | |||
| Epidural * | 0.27 | 0.35 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Yes | 208 (83.9) | 3.39 (0.46) | 79 (87.8) | 3.43 (0.49) | 73 (88) | 3.27 (0.58) | |||
| No | 40 (16.1) | 3.49 (0.42) | 11 (12.2) | 3.22 (0.61) | 10 (12) | 3.07 (0.67) | |||
| Child birth mode * | 0.000 | 0.023 | 0.002 | ||||||
| Vaginal | 212 (85.4) | 3.47 (0.44) | 74 (82.2) | 3.45 (0.50) | 68 (81.9) | 3.34 (0.57) | |||
| Emergency caesarean | 36 (14.6) | 3.09 (0.38) | 16 (17.8) | 3.19 (0.47) | 15 (18.1) | 2.84 (0.46) | |||
| Initiation of labour * | 0.001 | 0.21 | 0.26 | ||||||
| Spontaneous | 152 (61.3) | 3.49 (0.41) | 61 (67.8) | 3.46 (0.45) | 53 (63.9) | 3.32 (0.55) | |||
| Induction | 96 (38.7) | 3.30 (0.47) | 29 (32.2) | 3.29 (0.59) | 30 (36.1) | 3.13 (0.64) | |||
| Newborn weight ** | 0.21 | 0.98 | 0.28 | ||||||
| ≤2499 | 3 (1.2) | 3.25 (0.29) | 2 (2.2) | 3.55 (0.28) | 3 (3.6) | 3.43 (0.05) | |||
| 2500–3999 | 228 (92) | 3.42 (0.45) | 79 (87.8) | 3.40 (0.551) | 73 (88) | 3.25 (0.59) | |||
| ≥4000 | 17 (6.8) | 3.22 (0.49) | 9 (10) | 3.41 (0.55) | 7 (8.4) | 3.20 (0.74) | 0.91 | ||
| Antenatal classes * | 0.29 | 0.95 | 0.88 | ||||||
| Yes | 120 (48.4) | 3.39 (0.44) | 42 (46.7) | 3.42 (0.48) | 39 (47) | 3.23 (0.60) | |||
| No | 128 (51.6) | 3.43 (0.45) | 48 (53.3) | 3.39 (0.53) | 44 (53) | 3.26 (0.58) | |||
| Perineal trauma* | 0.035 | 0.06 | 0.04 | ||||||
| Entire/First degree tear | 111 (44.8) | 3.36 (0.42) | 42 (46.7) | 3.33 (0.46) | 41 (49.4) | 3.14 (0.54) | |||
| Second degree/Episiot | 137 (55.2) | 3.45 (0.46) | 48 (53.3) | 3.47 (0.54) | 42 (50.6) | 3.35 (0.61) | |||
| Duration of birth (hours) * | 0.29 | 0.39 | 0.18 | ||||||
| ≤12 h | 221 (89.1) | 3.42 (0.45) | 80 (88.9) | 3.42 (0.50) | 79 (95.2) | 3.27 (0.58) | |||
| >12 h | 27 (10.9) | 3.35 (0.42) | 10 (11.1) | 3.27 (0.58) | 4 (4.8) | 2.86 (0.71) | |||
| Mean 393.15 (237.33) | 390.14 (252.55) | 351.12 (218.83) |
Bold and italics—significant results. * Mann–Whitney U test. ** Kruskal–Wallis test.